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SWEDISH CATALOGUE 







EXHIBITS. 






v 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



PHILADELPHIA. 






Press of HALLOWELL & COMPANY, 

121 South Third Street, 

philadelphia- 



s 






CONTENTS. 



Department I. Mining and Metallurgy, Page I 

;' II. Manufactures, 21 

III. Education and Science, 55 

IV. Art, 72 
V. Machinery, 78 

VI. Agriculture, 85 

VII. Horticulture, 97 

11 VIII. Woman's Work, 98 



R. SWEDISH COMMISSION TO THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. 



PRESIDENT, 

Bergstrom, P. A., — Late Minister of Interior j Governor, 



Stockholm. 



VICE PRESIDENT, 
Troilius, CO.,. — Director- General of Government Railways, 



Stockholm. 



MEMBERS : 

Dardel, F. L., de, — Director- General, Board of Public Buildings, Stockholm. 

Dickson, Ch., — M. D., Goteborg. 

Fock, A. H. E., Baron, — Chief of Board of Controls, Stockholm. 

Scholander, F. W., — Professor, Academy of Fine Arts, Stockholm. 

Lundstrom, C. F., — Manufacturer, Stockholm. 

Elfving, N. H., — U. S. Consul, Stockholm. 

Stenberg, S , Professor, Carolinian Medico- Chirurgical Institute, Stockholm. 

o 

Akerman, A. R., — Professor, School of Mines, Stockholm. 

Bolinder, J., — Manufacturer, Stockholm. 

Lenning, J. — Manufacturer, Norrkoping. 

Lundstrom, C. L., — Manufacturer, Goteborg. 

Breitholtz, Cl. G., — Colonel of Ai-tillery, Stockholm: 

Peyron, K., — Captain in the Navy, Cha?nberlain, Stockholm. 

Widmark, E., — Chief of Board of Public Education, Stockholm. 

Widegren, H., — Superintendent of Fisheries, Stockholm. 

Sidenbladh, P. E., — Secretary of the Cent?'al Bureau of Statistics, Stockholm. 



SECRETARY, 
Norrman, C. G. V., — Captain of Fortification, Stockholm. 

RESIDENT COMMISSIONERS IN PHILADELPHIA. 



Juhlin-Dannfelt, C. , — Commissioner- General, 

Bildt, Charles, Chamberlain, — Assistant- Commissioner, 

Westergaard, L. , — Consul, — Assistant- Commissioner, 



Stockholm. 

Philadelphia 

Philadelphia 



Bergman, G. W., — Captaiti of Artillery, — Special Commissioner , Army 

Department, Stockholm. 

Brusewitz, E., — Engineer, — Special Commissioner^ Metallurgical 

Department, Stockholm. 

Hermelin, 0. Baron, — Special Commissioner, Fine •- Art Department, Stockholm. 

Jacobi, A. E., — Engineer, — Special Commissioner, Machinery Dep't, Stockholm. 

Meijerberg, C. J., — Professor, —Special Commissioner, Educational 

Departtnent, Stockholm. 

ASSISTANTS. 

Lindahl, J., Dr. Ph , — Secretary, Lund. 

Headden, Wm. P., Dr. Ph., Assistant Secretary, , Philadelphia 

Is.eus, M., — Architect, Stockholm. 

Posse, Fr., — Count, — Superintendent of the Machinery Department, Stockholm. 



SWEDISH MEMBERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL JURY. 

o 

Group I, Akerman, A. R., — Professor, School of Mines, Stockholm. 

" II, Nordenskiold, A. E., — Professor, Academy of Science, Stockholm. 

4< IX, Arnberg, Carl, Stockholm. 

o 

11 XXI, Angstrom, C. A., — Professor, Poly technical Institute, Stockholm. 
" XXVII, Dardel, F. L., de, — President^ Academy of Fine Arts, 

Director- General, Board of Public Buildings, Stockholm. 
" XXVIII, Torell, O. M., Professor, Chief of the Geological Survey 

of Sweden, Stockholm. 

SECRETARY TO THE JUDGES. 

Hoffstedt, W. , — Engineer, Stockholm. 



ERRATA AND ADDENDA 



Page I, line 7, read 90 per cent. 'instead oi 9. 
" 3, No. 10, read CI. 335 instead of 320. 
" 4, No. 15, read CI. 505 instead of 565. 

" 5, No. 19, read C. A. Kullgren's Enka, 

( Widow), and add to " Prev. Aws.:" 
Vienna, 1873, Meda* of Progress. 

" 6, No. 23, read Stenkolswerks instead 
of Stenkolworks, and Hdg.inas instead 
of Hoganas. 

\' 6, No. 29, read Vemdalen instead of 
Vendalen. 

o 

" 16, No. 16, read Aker instead of Aker. 

" 42, CLASS 250, add: 

Fyrwald, C. J. M. Stockholm. 
Military Trimmings. 

Morell, S. 0. & Co. Stockholm. 
Military Equipment. 
" 45, No. 171, read Malmo instead of Mamlo. 
" 47, No. 179, read CI. 262 instead of 252. 

" 48, No. 187, read Husquama instead of 
Musquarna. 

" 50. No. 190, add to articles exhibited: 

Breech-loading Apparatus for 
eleven and ten inch Guns. 



Page 51, add : 

CLASS 278. 

Kongl. Krigsministeriets Faltlakare- 
Kontor. Royal War Office, Sani- 
tary Department. Stockholm. 
Hospital Carriage. 

" 53, No. 219, read CI. 224 instead of 210. 

" 53, No. 229, read Uddeholms instead of 
Udderholms. 

" 79, line 36, read CLASS jij instead of 514. 

" 82, CLASS 570, read 430. Bjorkman. 

" 82, " read 431. Kristinehamns. 

" 83, CLASS 573, add : 

Surahammars Bruks Aktiebolag. 

Railway Wheels and Axles. (See CI. 
in.) 

" 83, add: 

CLASS S77- 
Fagersta Bruk. (See CI. in.) 

Tramway Rails, Street-car Wheels 
and Axles. 
" 86, No. 457, add to articles exhibited : 

Cereals. 
" 86, CLASS 621, read 460. Hofmeister in- 
stead of 640. 
" 86, No. 461, read Berggren instead of 
Beggren. 



IN DEX. 



Nos. 

Abrahamson, A., 237 

Adelskold, C, 317, 432 

Adelsvard, Th., 1, 40 

Agricultural Society of the Lan of Goteborg and Bohus, 283 

" Kalmar, South, 450 

" Norrbotten, 282, 452 

" Uppsala, 456 

" Westerbotten, 457 

" Westmanland, 458 

" Orebro, 459 

Ahlberg & Ohlson, 298 

Ahrenberg, J., 385 

Alard, A. F., 238 

Almgren, K. A., 140 

Alnarp School of Agriculture, 261 

Alsing, J. R., 409 

Amundson, CM., 465 

Andersdotter, M., 512 

Andersson, Am., 513 

G., 466 

J-, 126, 155, 503 

N.J.. 239 

Ankarcrona, H., 318 

Ankarsrum's Iron Works, 34: /, 439 

Arboga Foundry and Iron Works, 433 

Arborelius, O. P. U., 319 

Arsenius, J., 320 

Aseptin-Amykos Co., Lim., 43, 55 

Atterberg, A. J,, 421, 429 

Atterling, C, 504 

Avesta Garpenberg Co., Lim., 6:/, 34:2 



Index. 



Nos. 

Backman, J. F., 90 

Bagge, Ch., 514 

" G. B., . . 302 

Bengtsson, B., 44 

Bennet, C, 321 

Berg, A., 3 

Alb., 322 

C G., 483 

Chr. L., 28 

Edv., 323 

F. J-, 156 

G., 4, 17, 24, 27, 29 

J ■ T., 127, 130 

Bergen, J. N. von & Son, 484 

Berggren, A. N., • • 160, 241 

" D. & J., 461 

Bergman, E., 324 

Bergsbro Co., Lim., 135 

Bergstedt, A., 325 

Bergstrom, H. C, • 467 

J. W., . 411 

P. N., 157 

Billing, Th., 326 

Billstrom, A., 515 

Bjork, J. O., .121 

Bjorkegren, E., 445 

Bjorkman, C. R., 430 

Bjorneborg Iron and Steel Works, 6:2, 34:^ 

Blackstadius, J. L., 386 

Blombacka Co., Lim., 60 

Bock, Ch., 165, 168 

Bode, Patr., 61 

Bofors-Gullspang Co., Lim., 2, 31 

Boklund, J. Chr., 327 

Bolinder Machine Manufacturing Co., 107, 119, 412, 416 

Borg, O. E., . 269 

Brandelius, P., 328 

Brehmer, E. F. A., 291, 420 

o 

Broddelius & Akerman, 485 



Index. 



Nos 

Brunell, J. E., • 161, 242 

Brunius, A. W\, 257 

Brusewitz, Fr., 86, 88, 101 

Borjesson, A., 329 

J., 3*3 

Cantzler, H., 330 

Cardon, J., 393 

Carleman, J. G. V., 404 

Cedergren, P. N., 331 

Cederlund's, J. Sons, , 486 

Cederstrom, G., 332 

Central Printing Co., Lim., . 275, 394 

Cervin, C. G., 243 

Clarberg, F. A., 91 

Collective Exhibits of the Swedish Iron Masters' Association, . . . . 6, 34 

" " 15 Technical Schools, 262 

Creutz, A., 487 

Dahl, P., 462 

Dahlheim & Engstrom, , 488 

Degerfors Co., Lim., 6:j>, 34:^ 

Dickson, James & Co., 122 

Dietrichson, M., 332 

Djupafors Manufacturing Co., Lim., 176, 179 

Drag Manufacturing Co., Lim., 136 

Economical Survey of Sweden 308 

Edgren, J., 182 

Ek, J. A., 141 

Eklund, L. P., 499 

Ekman, Carl, 6:^, 34:5, 192, 434 

CD., 169 

" C. L., 51 

Ekstrom, P., 334 

Elfving, C. E., 108 

Ellbo-Goteborg Match Factory, 65 

Engdahl, Agnes., 516 

Engstrom, Joh., 206 



Index. 



Nos. 

Engstrom, W. O., 335 

Erdmann, E., 245, 303 

Ericsson, A., 476 

" G., 109 

N. O., 468 

Eskilstuna Iron Manufacturing Co., ... 194, 200, 215, 

Essen, H. H. von, 123, 511 

Fagerlin, F., 336 

Fagerstalron and Steel Works, 5, 32, 201, 214, 414, 435 

Fahlgren, C. A., 337 

Feith, J. H. & Son, 497 

Fernlund, E. F., 142 

Florman, G., 396 

Fogelmark, Sixt., 446 

Forsell, D. & Co., . . 147, 158 

Friends of Handiwork, 518 

Fries, Th. M., 258 

Friestedt, A. W., 46, 507 

Frommel, C. J., . . . . 478 

Fiirst, Betty, ...: 517 

Gardell, Anna, 387 

Geological Survey of Sweden, 10, 309 

Glomsta Manufacturing Co., 92, 246 

Goldsmiths' Co., Lim., 102 

Gottland Grindstone Co., 25 

Granholm, J. P., 56 

Gullberg Co., Lim., 47, 52 

Gumaelius, Arvid, 276 

Gundberg, J. W. L., 284 

Gustafsberg Manufactory, 75, 79, 82, 84, 103. 

Gustafsson, G., 207 

Gysinge Iron Works, 33 

Goteborg Machine Manufacturing Co., Lim., 500 

Hafstrom, A. G., 338 

Hagendahl, C. A., 447 

Hallgren, J. J., 469 



Index. 



Nos.. 

Hailing, A , 208 

Hammer's Museum, 280' 

Hansdotter, Anna, 519 

Hedengran, A. F. & Son, no 

Hedlund, J., 124, 216, 418 

Heljestrand, Chr., 209 

Hellquist, H., . . ' 388 

Helsingborg Iron and Stone-ware Manufacturing Co., 76 

Hennig & Papenhagen, 463 

Hennings, R. T., 263 

Hermansson, C. T. von, 6:j, 34:6 

Hermelin, O., 339 

Hertzberg, A. G., 340 

Heurlin, G. U. & Co., 143 

In de Betou, 508 

Jacobson & Anderson, 148 

Jernberg, A., 345 

" O., 346 

" S., 217 

Johannesson, C. S., -477 

Johansson & Carlander, 133 

Johnson, A. & Co., 218 

Jonkoping Match Manufacturing Co., Lim., 6$ 

Kallenberg, Andreas, 349 

Kallinge Manufactory, 111,117,219, 236, 505 

Karlskrona Galvanizing Co., 235 

Karlson, G. & M., 26- 
Key, Axel, 277, 278 

Kiorboe, C. F., 348 

Klemmings Ant. and Mod. Library Co., Lim., 274 

Klinghammer, Gerda, 520- 

Klintberg, J. W. & Co., 18, 154, 162 

Kockum Machine Manufacturing Co., Lim., 423, 442- 

Koskull, A. G. B., 349 

Kreuger, P. E. & Jennings, 64 

Kristinehamn Machine Manufacturing Co., 424, 43 1, 436 



Index. 



Nob. 

Kulle, Jac, 350 

Kullgren, C. A., Widow, 19, 163 

Kuntze & Co., 118, 297 

Kyhlberg, R., 390 

Kaberg, C. A., 183 

Kohler & Co., 177 

Koping Mechanical Works Co., Lim., 417,425,437 

Lafquist, J. A., 120, 220 

Lagerbeck, H., 221 

Lamm, Ax., 196 

Landskrona French Steam Flour-Mill, 480 

Landskrona Manufacturing Co., 137 

Larsbo-Norn. Co., Lim., 6:7, 34:^ 

Larsson, P. M., 7, 35 

Larsson, Virginia, 391 

Laxa Iron Works Co., Lim., •■ • 6:8 34:0 

Leidesdorff Fishing Implement Manufactory, 474 

Leja, Jos., 285 

Lesjofors Iron and Steel Co., Lim., 6:9,34:70,441 

Lewenhaupt, CI. M., 247 

Lewenhaupt, Sten., 170 

Liberg, B. & Co., 202, 210 

Liljeholmen Stearine Manufacturing Co., Lim., 48 

Lindahl, A., 398 

Lindahl, J. F., . . 66 

Lindahl, Josua, 286 

Lindberg, L., 6: to, z^ 11 

Lindblad, M. A., 248 

Lindegren, Amalia, 351 

Lindehn, H. A. W., 3 12 

Linderoth, G. W., 295 

Lindman, A 35 2 

Lindstrom, A., ...•••.... 353 

Lindstrom, J. F., 222 

Lithographical Co., Lim., 166, 178 

Ljungstrom, J. P., 28 7 

Lover Manufacturing Co., Lim., 67 

Lundberg, V. A., 399 



Index. 



Nos. 

Lundgren, P. W., 53 

Lundholm, C. A. W., 249, 299 

Lundmark, A., 314 

Lysell, A , 47 l 

Lastbom, Sw., 94 

Lofgren, Klara, 354 

Lofstrom. Sophie, 400 

Lofvenskiold, Chr. Em., 510 

Lofvenskiold, Salomon, ; 6.11, 34: j 2 

Lonnroth, F., 355 

Malmsjo, J. G., • . 300 

Malmstrom, J. A., . . • 356 

Malmo Cotton Manufacturing Co., Lim 128, 131 

" Woodpulp " " 171 

" Wool " " 138 

Meijer, W , 392 

Mineral Water Co., Lim., 30 

Mineur, C. G 184 

Moberg Iron Foundry and Machine Factory 112 

Moboda Manufacturing Co., 490 

Motala Iron and Steel Works 36, 190, 444 

Munkedal Manufacturing Co 172, 180, 185 

Munksjo, Paper Mills 173, 181 

Munktell, J. H 167, 174 

New File Factory, •••... 203 

" Gellivara Co., Lim., 6:18, 34-19, 223, 451 

" Marble Works Co., Lim., 20 

" Match Manufacturing Co., Lim., 59 

Nilson, Sev., 357 

Nilsson, Alma, 521 

" E., 472 

" G-> 407 

Nordenberg, B., 358 

Nordenskiold, A. E., 281, 305 

Nordgren, Anna, 359 

" Axel, 360 

Nordlander, Anna, • • 361 

Nordlund, K., 250 



Index. 



Nos- 

Norrkoping Match Manufacturing Co., Lim., 68- 

Norrman, C. G. V., 301 

Nynas Pasteboard Factory, 175 

Nystrom, M. S., .164. 

Olsson, M., 234, 271 

Osti, Henri, 40 B 

Otter, C. G., von, . . . . 296' 

Palm, G. W., 362 

Palmcrantz, Helge, 191, 501 

Pauli, F., 5r 

Perseus, Edw., 363, 

Pettersen, Otto, :. . S 22 ' 

Petterson, C. E., 95, 106, 153, 502 

O., 49 1 

Pettersson, C. J., 292 

Phoenix Match Manufacturing Co., Lim., 7° 

Piltz, A., 'i95 

Platen, C. von, 453 

Platin, C. G. & Co., 49 2 

Post, Chr. von, 3 6 4 

Public Institute for Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, 268 

Pahlman, S., 5 2 3- 

Rambach, C, ...... 9 6 

Ramnas Iron Works Co., Lim., 6:/2, 34'^S 

Ramsay, Ebba, ; 259 

Rehnstrom, M., 5° 6 

Rettig, C. A., 6:13, w.14 

Retzius, Gustaf, 278 

Reymyra Co., Lim., 22, 80, 81, 83, 85, 105, 113 

Ribbing, Sophie, 3 6 5 

Robson, Albert, 227 

Roesler, Robert, 402 

Rosell & Co., .185 

Rose, J. L., ' 288 

Rosen, G. von, 3 66 

Rosenlund Cotton Mill Co. Lim., 129, 132 



Index. 



Nos. 

Roth, M., . ■" 306 

Royal Commission, . .159, 244, 279, 311, 443, 470, 473, 498 

" General-Staff, 304 

" War-office, Artillery Department, 188, 189, 193 

" " Investment " 144 

" Military School Department, 264 

" " Sanitary Department, 197 

" Statistical Central Bureau, 272 

Runquist, C. R., 427 

Rusch, P. O., 97 

Rydberg, G , . . . '. 367 

Rorstrand Co. Lim.. 22, 80, 81, 83, 85, 105, 1T3 



Sahlbom, W., 307 

Salmson, V 368 

Saloman, Geskel 369 

Samuelson, S. H 15, 410 

Sandberg & Cook ... 98 

Sandviken Iron Works, 8, 37, 415, 426, 438 

Scanian Cement Co., Lim., 21 

Scheele, G. von, 454, 481 

Schisshytta-Molnebo Iron Works, 6:1^, 34:75 

Schlyter, G. R., 251 

Schough, R., 9 

Schwerin, A. von, 370 

Segebaden, Hermina, -524 

Sidvall, A., 371 

Sjoberg, A. P., 49 

Skultuna Co., Lim., 41 > 4 2 

Skanberg, C. E., 372 

Staaf, P. O., • 265 

Stenberg's, G., Widow, 134 

Stenstrom, O. E., 455 

Stenman, F. A., 225 

Stille, Alb., ■ 198 

Stockenstrom, A. von, 6:7-5, 34^ 

Stockholm Super-phosphate Manufacturing Co., Lim., 509 

Wool " " 139 

Stocklassa, F., 233 



Index. 



Nos. 

Stora Kopparbergs Bergslag, 6:16,34:17 

Strandberg, F. A., 54, 58 

Strandberg, J., 226 

Strandell, A. L., 257 

Strengnas Match Manufacturing Co., Lim., 69 

Stridsberg & Bjork, 413, 

Stahlberg, L. F., 211 

Surahammar Iron Works Co., Lim., 38 

Sundstrom, J. O., 6:77, 34:18 

Svalling, E. N., 212 

Svanberg, C. E. , 149 

Svedmark, E., '.-.." 145, 150 

Svensson, A., 252- 

Soderberg, M., 525 

Soderen, F. M., 213 

Sodergren, S., 374 

Theorell, A. G. & Sorenson P., 289 

Thalin, W., 493 

Tornberg, O., , ... 151 

Torslow, H., 379. 

Tulldahl, A. H., .' 494 

Tuxen, L. von, 232 

Torna, O., 375 

Uddeholm Co., Lim., IX > 39> 2 °4> 22 9 

Uddevalla Match Manufacturing Co., Lim., 58 

Ullander, Ad., 495 

Unge, V. T., 293 

Wahlberg, A., • • 376 

Wahlquist, E., 377 

Wahlstrom, S. F., Qg 

Walen, J., . . . 23 o 

Wallander, W., ^g } ^ 79 

Wallgren, A. R., I4 6 

Wallis, A. W., 496 , 

Weidenhayn, C, 42 6 

Wengstrom, J. O., I2 c 



Index. 



Nos. 

Wenstrom, W., 422 

Werner, CO., 50 

" G., . 380 

Westerlund, A. F., 16 

Westervik Match Factory, 72 

Wikstrom, Z., 479 

Wiberg, M., 114, 290, 294 

Wiklund, W., 231, 408, 428 

Wiman & Co., 115, 253. 

Windrufva, Sw., 260^ 

Winge, Hanna, 381 

" M. E. 382 

Winslow, A. P., 254 

Working Home for the Blind, 267 

Wulff, H. A., 266 

Wastfelt, C. C, 316, 475 

A r iklund, O., 403, 

Virgin, A. J. G., 3 8s 

Visby Match Manufacturing Co., Lim., 73 

Vrana National High School, 255 

Vulcan Match Manufacturing Co., Lim., . .71 

Zander, G., 199, 310 

Zanders, H., 256 

Zetterstrom, A., 384 

Akerlind's Co., Lim., . . 116 

Oberg, C. O. & Co., 205 

Odberg, C. R., 152 

Osterby-Strombacka Iron Works, 6:/p, 34:2a 

Osterberg, C. G ., 100 

Ostergren, J. P., 315 

Ostrand, H., 440 



COMPARATIVE TABLE OF WEIGHTS, MEASURES AND COINS. 



SWEDISH. 


AMERICAN. 


I Fot 


=0.97412 foot. 


i Mil 


=6.64171 statute miles. 


i Kiibikfot 


=0.92435 cubic foot. 


i Skalpund 


=0.93713 pound avordupois. 


i Krona=ioo 6re=o.268 dollars gold. 


(Compare Part I.) 












DEPARTMENT I. 



MINING AND METALLURGY 



A. — Minerals, Ores, Building Stones, and Mining Products.* 

CLASS ioo. 



Copper-ore, each lb. of fine copper, contained therein, 
Iron-ore, ...... 

Nickel- and Zinc-ores, .... 

Lead-ore, ....-■ 

Limestone, . 



I. Adelsward, Th. Baron. Atvidaberg. 

Copper-ores, with accompanying minerals' 
from the mines of Bersbo and Gronhog. 

(Metallurgical Products obtained by the 
refining processes. — See CI. 112). 

Previous awards: Paris 1855, London 1862, 
Stockholm 1866, Paris 1867, Copenhagen 1872, 
Moscow 1872. 

The working of these copper mines, which 
had sunk into neglect, was revived in 1755, but 
the mines were not put in full operation until 
1762, when a company was formed. In 1783, 
the shares of this company had already been 
bought up by Baron Adelsward, and the mines> 
with the adjoining estates, were turned into 
entailed estate. 

The number of employees in the mines and 
in works, 1874, were: 



Smelting 




Mining. works. 


Total. 


Men, ... 148 106 


254 


Old men, . . 13 2 7 


40 


Young men over 17, 1 13 23 


136 


Boys under 17, . ... 45 


45 


Woman and children, ore-assorting, 


280 


" " dross-picking, 


89 


Total employees, 


844 



The power required for the mining is sup- 
plied by two stationary steam-engines of 15 H. 
P. each, and 2 steam-engines of 10 and 12 H. P. 
respectively. 

For the smelting- works the necessary power 
is supplied by water-engines of about 50 H. P. 

The production during 1874 was 375 tons 
of refined copper. The raw material used was 



Import Duty 


in 


United States. 


Sweden 


9 per cent, of 3 cts. per lb. 


free. 


20 per cent. 


free. 


10 per cent. 


free. 


\]/ 2 cts. per lb. 


free. 


20 per cent. 


free. 



9,469 tons of ore, which was melted with dross 
from former meltings as an alloy. 

The refuse consisted of zincic oxide partly 
in form of powder, partly deposited on the walls 
of the furnaces, and was sent to Germany as a 
zinc-ore. 

The largest part of the products were ex- 
ported to Germany via Lubeck and Stettin. 

There are established for the benefit of the 
operatives, savings-funds, pension-fund, schools, 
parish-library, and bath-houses. There is a 
co-operative society, of which the workmen 
are members. They are also furnished with 
free medical attendance and free medicines in 
case of sickness. 

2. Aktiebolaget Bofors-Gullspang. Bo- 

fors- Gullspang Co. Limited ; by 
P. Lagerhjelm. Bofors. 
Iron-ores. (See CI. 11 1). 

3. Berg, Axel. Warby, Stockholm. 
Iron-ores. 

4. Berg, Gottfried. T. Warby, Stock- 

holm. 
Nickle-ores from Natra in Westernorrland 
and Langtjernberg in Dalarne. 

Zinc- and Lead-ores, from Nasafjall. 

5. Fagersta Bruk. Fagersta Lron ana 

Steel Works ; by Chr. Aspelin. 

Westanfors. 

Iron-ores and Limestone. (See CI. 1 1 1 ). 

* A pamphlet containing analyses of Swedish ores is 
being published by the Swedish Iron-Masters Association, 
and can be procured at the office of the Swedish Com* 
mission. 



Mining and Metallurgy. 



6. Collective Exhibits of Jern-Kontoret.* 

The Swedish Iron-Masters Asso- 
ciation. Stockholm. 
General Map of the principal Mining 
Districts in Sweden ; Collection of Minerals, 
illustrating the said map; Maps of several 
Mines ; Drawings of Blast-furnaces, old and 
new, and of the Gas-welding furnaces, mostly 
used in Sweden. 

Iron-Works, partaking in the Collective 
Exhibition of Jern-Kontoret : 

i. Avesta-Garpenbergs Aktiebolag. 
Avesta-Garpenberg Co. Lim. 
Avesta. 

Iron-ores from the mines of Ud- 
devalla in Norberg, Langvik, Knaper- 
grufvan, Grondal, Rullshytte, Spetal, 
Karrgrufvan. (See CI. in). 
2. Bjorneborgs Bruksegare. Propri- 
etors of the Bjorneborg Iron- and 
Steel- Works; by O. Nordenfelt. 
Bjorneborg. 

Iron-ores from Persberg, Sanna, and 
Hofsta. (See CI. in). 
3. Degerfors Aktiebolag. Dege?'fors 
Co. Lim. ; by Jos. Larson. 
Degerfors. 

Iron-ores from the mines of Pers- 
berg, Vikers Striberg, and Dalkarlsberg- 
(See CI. in). 

4- Ekman, Carl. Finspong. 

Iron-ores from the mines of Farola, 
Nartorp and Stenebo. (See CI. 111). 

5- Hermansson, C. T., Count. Ferna. 

Bernshammar. 

Iron-ores from the mines of Mamas, 
Hillang, Drag, Byberg, Grasberg, 
Hallsjo, Nyberg, Spetal, and Kolnings- 
berg. (See CI. in.) 

*The Jemkontoret is an association, composed of the 
iron-masters of Sweden, nearly all of whom are members. 

The object of the Association, is the promotion of the 
Sv/edish Iron Industry, which it effects by advancing 
money to its members, to assist them in extending their 
works; and by making appropriations for experimenta- 
tion, and the investigation of new processes and improve- 
ments. 

The Association meets every third year, in Stockholm, 
to discuss business matters of common interest, as well as 
Technical questions. During the interval between the 
regular meetings of the Association, the management of 
its business is entrusted to five ordinary, and five extra 
administrators, who are elected at the regular meetings'. 

The Association was founded in 1745 ; its capital accreed 
from the annual contributions of the iron works is $1,380,- 
000, gold ; its income for 1875 was $67,000, gold, and ex- 
penses, $48,000. 



6. Hofors'och Hammarby Bruksegare. 

Proprietors of the Hofors 6° 
Hammarby Iron- Works ; by H. 
Petre. Gefle. 

Iron-ores from the mines of Malm- 
berg, Grondal, Penninggrufvan, Nya 
Karrgrufvan, Storberg, and Nyang. (See 
CI. in). 

7-. Larsbo-Norns Aktiebolog. Lars- 
bo-Norn Co. Lim. ; by H. P. 
W. Gahn. Kafalla. 
Iron-ores. (See CI. in). 

8. Laxa Bruks Aktiebolag. Laxa 

Iron- Works Co. Lim. Laxa. 
Iron-ore. (See CI. in). 

9. Lesjofors Aktiebolag. Lesj'ofors 

Iron and Steel Co. Lim. j by 
G. Ekman. Langbanshyttan. 
Iron-ores from the mines of Pers- 
berg, and Langban, among which are 
samples of crystallized Magnetic Iron- 
ore and Specular Iron-ore, Haus- 
manniteand Limestone. (See Cl.in.) 

io. Lindberg, Lars. Kohlsva. 
Iron-ores. (See CI. in). 

ii. Lofvenskiold, Salomon. Nis- 
safors, Jonkoping. 
Iron-ores. (See CI. in). 

i2. Ramnas Bruks Aktiebolag. Ram- 
nas Iron Works Co. Lim. ; by 
Fabian Tersmeden. Ramnas. 
Iron-ores, from the mines of Nor- 
berg, and Meling. (See CI. in). 

13. Rettig, C A. Kilafors, Gefle. 
Iron-ores. (See CI. ill). 

14- Schisshytte-Molnebo Bruk. Schiss- 
hytte-Molnebo Iron Works. Mor- 
gongafva. 

Iron-ores, Knebelite, Zinc-ores, 

and Galena. (See CI. 11 1). 

15. Stockenstrom, A. von. Aker, 

Mariefred. 

Iron-ore. (See CI. ill). 

16. Stora Kopparbergs Bergslag. 

Stockholm. 



Mining and Metallurgy. 



Iron-ore from the mines of Wintjern, 
Skinnarang, Grasberg, Tuna-HSstberg. 
(See CI. in.) 

17. Sundstrom, J. 0. Charlottenberg. 

Iron-ore. (See CI. in). 

18. The New Gellivara Co. Lim. ; by J. 

A. Wikstrom. Lulea. 
Iron-ores from different mines of 
the Gellivara Mountain in Westerbotten. 
(See CI. in.) 

19. Osterby &. Strombacka Bruksegare. 

Proprietors of the Osterby 6° 
Strombacka Iron Works; by 
Baron G. Tamm. Osterby, Dan- 
nemora. 
Iron-ore from the mines of Danne- 
mora. (See CI. ill). 

7. Larsson, P. M. Loa, Rallsa. 

Iron-ore from various mines. (See CI. m). 



8. Sandvikens Jernverks Aktiebolag. 

Sandviken Iron Works Co., Lim. 
Gefie. 

Iron-ores. (See CI. ni). 

9. Schough, Robert. Lulea. 

Iron-ores from the mines of Luossavara 
and Killinge, in Norbotten. 

Copper-ore from the mine of Huornats, in 
Norbotten. 

10. Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning. 

The Geological Survey of Sweden. 
Geological Collections. (See CI 320). 

1 1. Uddeholms Aktiebolag. Uddeholm 

Co. Lim. ; by E. G. Danielsson. 
Rada. 
Iron-ores from the mines of Taberg, Nord- 
marken, Finn-mossen, Persberg, and Langban. 
(See CI. in). 



CLASS 101. 



Coal — Anthracite, 
" — Bituminous, 



12. Hoganas Stenkols Verks Aktiebolag. 

The Hoganas Coal Mining Co., 
Lim. Hoganas. 
Samples of Coal. 

Profile of the Coal Stratum, natural size. 
(Saltglazed Clay-pipes, for water-pipes, 
etc. — See CI. 206). 

(Fire-bricks. Samples of Fire-clay, 
crude, prepared. — See CI. 2071. 

(Flooring and Flagging. — See CI. 208). I 

(Saltglazed Pottery, for household use. — 
See CI. 210J. 

Prev. Aw.: Malmo, 1857 (silver medal); j 
Agricultural Fair of Skane, 1861 (silver medal) ; j 
nth General Swedish Agricultural Fair (gold j 
medal); Malmo, 1865 (silver medal); Stock- | 
holm, 1866 (silver medal) ; Paris, 1867 (large j 
gold medal and bronze medal); Goteborg, 1871 i 
(silver medal); Copenhagen, 1872 (silver medal), i 

Agencies have been established in Stock- 
holm, Goteborg, Gefie, Norrkoping, Kristian- 
stad, Kristinehamn, Malmo, Ystad, and Copen- 
hagen. 



Import- Duty in 
United States. Sweden, 

free. free. 

75 cts. per ton. free. 

The business of the company embraces min- 
ing, .and manufacture. 

The coal-mining was commenced in 1796 f 
the manufacture in 1827. 

The company employs 750 persons, of which 
are : 

Officers, 10. 

Full-grown workmen, 653 ~) Wages $0.28 to 
Boys, 92 \ $0.83, gold, per day. 

Women, 5 , wages $0.18 to $0.20, gold, per day. 

The power required is supplied by eleven 
steam-engines, with 350 PI. P. 

The production during 1874, consisted of: 
Fire-bricks, . . pieces, 2,227,542 

Fire-clays, prepared, . cub. feet, 92,461 

Pottery, . . . pieces, 144,059 

Fire-clay, . . . cub. feet, 222,669 

Coals, . . . . " " 1,650,544 

The discount at wholesale is from 5 to 10 
per cent. 

The value of the production amounted — 
In 1864, to gold, $135,000 

In 1869, to .... " 131,500 

In 1874, to " 198,000 

The government taxes on this last amount 
were $728, community taxes $4,278 gold. 

The raw materials mined in 1874 were : 
Coal, .... cub. feet, 1,169,000 

Clay, .... mm 465,000 



Mining and Metallurgy. 



The coal-ash mixed with one-seventh part of 
slacked lime, partly in form of bricks, partly as 
mortar, is used as material for erecting factories 
and workmen's-buildings. 

312,000 fire -proof stones, and 10,000 cubic 
feet of clay are annually exported to Denmark, 
and smaller quantities to Russia and Germany, 

The following funds have been established 
for the benefit of the workmen : 

Burial, sick, and widow-funds, 

amounting to gold, $7,500 

Savings-bank, deposited by work- 
men, .... " 7.75° 

The Friese-fund for workmen's 
widows, whose husbands have 
been injured in the mines, " 650 

For the children of the workmen are estab- 
lished: 

Two Common Schools. 

Three Primary Schools. 

One Industrial School for girls. 

Besides these are established : reading- 
rooms ; a library, which is annually increased ; 
water-works at several places in the manufactur- 
ing districts, with filtering reservoirs, thus pro- 
curing good drinking water ; hospital and physi- 
cian. For the enjoyment and recreation of the 
workmen a large park is laid out, in which is 
built a dancing-floor, where a band of twelve 
persons plays every Sunday afternoon. The 



company provides a competent teacher for the 
instruction of this band. All workmen have free 
dwellings, with garden-plots, and free fuel. 

The works constitute a separate parish of 
2,433 members, for which the company provides 
a minister. 

15. Samuelson, T. H. Toskefors. Rada. 

Turf. (See CI. 565). 

16. Westerlund, A. F. Engineer, Nybro. 

Kalmar. 

Turf, from the middle stratum of the 
Nybro-bog, which can be cut, dried, and used 
without being mixed with other turf or pressed, 
which is not the case with the upper and lower 
strata. 

Prev. Aw.: Moscow, 1872 (silver medal, 
first class) ; Diplomas for samples of peat at 
Agricultural Fairs in Sweden. 

The factories are situated at Wexio and 
Nybro, the former was established in 1874, the 
latter in 1875. There are employed 
At WexiS, 12 men, 2 women, and 6 children. 
At Nybro, 5 " 2 " "2 " 

The peat is ground and pressed at Wexio 
by a 10 H. P. steam engine. 

The annual production at Nybro amounts 
to $1,250 gold. The works are about to be in- 
creased both in size and number. 



CLASS 102. 



Import Duty in 

United States. Sweden. 
Marble, veined, in blocks, . . .50 cts. per cubic foot, and 20 per cent. free. 

" polished slabs of, not exceeding two 

inches in thickness, . 25 cts. per superf. foot, and 32 per cent. free. 

" other manufactures of . . . -5° P er cent. free. 

Other building and monumental stones, . . . $1.50 per ton. free. 

Granite, dressed and polished, . . . . .20 per cent. free. 



17. Berg, Gottfr. Warby, Stockholm. 
Works of polished Porphyry, from Elf- 

dalen, Dalarne, yellow and light-green Serpen- 
tine, from Torsaker, Gestrikland. 

18. Klintberg, J. W. & Co. Wisby. 
Table-slabs of Gottland Marble, rich in 

fossils and of various colors. Jewelry of the 
same material as broaches, ear-rings, cuff- 
buttcns, studs, shawl-pins, bracelets and paper- 
weights. Grindstones of Gottland sand- 
stone of various sizes. Collection of fossils 
and samples of Marble. 



Prev. Aw.- -Stockholm, 1866, (diploma of 
honor) ; Gottland Economical Society, 1869, 
(silver medal); Moscow, 1872, (silver medal); 
Vienna, 1873, ( two diplomas of merit); Marie- 
stad, 1874, (silver medal); Gottland's Agricultu- 
ral Society, 1875, (silver medal). 

Agents in Stockholm, GSteborg, Lund and 
Ronneby. Commission to agents 8 or 10 per 
cent. 

The manufactory was established in 1 865, 
and gives employment to twenty-two workmen 
and eight boys, of whom four are under fifteen 



Mining and Metallurgy. 



years of age ; in addition to these, four gold- 
smiths are employed in setting. The wages are 
from fifteen to eighty-rive cents per day. At 
present the work is made by hand, but horse- 
power will soon be applied, which is likely to 
reduce the prices by 10-20 per cent. The waste 
is used for glass, soda and lime manufacturing. 
In 1874 the value of the manufacture amounted 
to $12,000 gold, and it has for the last five years 
increased by 50 per cent.; the government taxes 
are $16.40 gold and the community taxes $56.40 
gold. A small quantity is sent to London and Paris; 
but very little has been sold abroad. Foreign 
tourists, however, make some small purchases on 
visiting Wisby. 

In Wisby a workman's society with a savings- 
bank exists, to which some of the workmen 
belong. The boys attend the schools, and the 
proximity of the sea furnishes a good opportunity 
for bathing. 

19. Kullgren's C. A., Widow. Uddevalla. 

Monuments, Columns, Table-tops, 
Paper- Weights, all made of polished granite. 
Prev. Aw. — London, 185 1 (bronze medal); 
Malm5, 1865 (silver medal); Stockholm, 1866 
(bronze medal); Wenersborg, 1872 (gold 
medal); Copenhagen, 1872 (silver medal); 
Moscow, 1872 (gold medal); Mariestad, 1874 
silver medal). 



The stone-cutting works were established 
in 1844, the polishing works in 1871. 

In the works are employed 135 men, 
twelve women, and twenty children under fifteen 
years of age. Nearly all work paid for by the 
job at a certain price per piece, and per square 
foot completed. 

The stone-cutting is all done by hand, but 
in the polishing works a steam-engine of ten H. 
P. supplies the power required. 

The annual production amounts to from 
100,000 to 200,000 cwt., and consists mainly of 
cut granite for the construction of breakwaters, 
quays, bridges, docks and houses, monuments, 
columns, pedestals, paving-stones, flaggings, 
curb-stones, etc. The government taxes on 
this production are $31.50 gold, and the com- 
munity taxes $195.25 gold per annum. 

The refuse is used for paving-stones, 
gravel for macadamising, beton-gravel, etc. 

The products of the manufacture are 
mainly exported to Germany, Denmark and 
England. For the benefit of the operators an 
obligatory savings-fund, a fund for assistance to 
the sick and infirm, and a school are established. 

20. Nya Marmorbruks Aktiebolaget. JVew 

Marble-works Co. Lim. Norrkop- 
ing. 

Manufactured articles of Marble. 



CLASS 103. 



Roman Cement 



Import- Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 
20 per cent. free. 



21. Skanska Cement-Aktiebolaget. Sea- 
man Ce?iient Co. Lim.; by R. F. 
Berg. Lomma, Malmo. 

Portland Cement in barrels. 

(Bricks of the company's own manufacture, 
joined together by cement and loaded for 
stretching and breaking. See class 206.) 

(Castings of Cement. See class 208.) 

Prev. Aw. — Moscow, 1872 (silver medal); 
London, 1874 (bronze medal); Malmo, 1875 
(silver medal). 

Cement-factory and brick-yards at Lomma, 
six miles north of Malmo. Lime-quarry and 
lime-kiln at Limhamn, about three miles south 
of Malmo. 

The lime-quarry is very old, was formerly 
worked by another firm. Brick-yards established 



by another firm. The cement-factory, establish- 
ed in the fall of 1873 by tne present company. 

All work done by the job. The number of 
workmen varies with the different seasons. The 
maximum is 300 to 400 men; no women em- 
ployed. Of the employes, ten, at the most, are 
under fifteen years of age. 

The power required is supplied by five 
steam-engines, aggregating 150 H. P. 

The production in 1874 consisted of 



Portland Cement, 



64,000 cub. feet. 



! Sundry Brick Manufactures, , 

such as building, roofing- - 5,000,000 pieces 



bricks, drain-pipes, etc. 
Limestone quarried, 



610,000 cub. feet. 



The value of this production amounted to 
I about $138,900 gold, though it was the first year 



Mining and Metallurgy. 



the cement-manufactory was in operation. The 
government taxes during the same year were 
$170 gold, and the community taxes were $439 
gold. 

The raw materials used, in the cement 
manufacture are clay and wet lime-stone. For 
fuel, coke, manufactured on the spot from 
English coal, is used. 



The Cement is exported to Norway, Den- 
mark and Russia. The lime-stone to Denmark 
and Germany. 

For the benefit of the workmen a sick-fund 
and a library have been established, and steps 
have been taken to encourage the making of 
deposits in the savings-banks of the neighbor- 
hood. 



CLASS 104. 



Feldspar, 
Fire-clay, 
Fire-brick, 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 
20 per cent. free. 

$5 per ton. free. 

20 per cent. free. 



22. Rorstrands Aktiebolag. Rorstrand 
Co. Lim. Stockholm. 
Feldspar. (See class 210.) 



23. Hoganas Stenkolworks Bolag. Hd- 

ganas Coal-Mining Co. Hoga- 
nas. 
Fire-clay ; Fire-brick. 



CLASS 105. 

Graphite, 

24. Berg,Gottfp. Warby, Stockholm. Graphite. 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden, 
free. free. 



CLASS 106. 



Grindstones, Finished, 
Millstones, 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 
$2 per ton. free. 

20 per cent. free. 



25. Gottland's Slipstens Bolag. Gottland 
Grind-stone Co. Burgsvik. 
Grind-stones. 

The company began working in 1873, an( l 
40,000 grind-stones have annually been manu- 
factured, with a value of $16,600 gold. Refuse 
pieces of the sand-stone are used for grinding 
marble, etc. Export to Denmark, Finland, 
Russia and Germany. 



26. Karison, Gust. &. Martin. Lugnas. 
One Grind-stone for coarser work. 

The manufacturing of grind-stones and 
mill-stones is only carried on as a home-industry. 
The stones are mostly sold within the country 
or in the eastern parts of Norway. 

27. Berg, Gottfr. Warby, Stockholm. 

Grind-stones, Mill-stones from Wyk, 
Bohuslan . 



CLASS 107. 



Mineral Waters, artificial, in bottles, not containing 

more than one quart, . . 
Phosphates, 



Import Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 



3 cts, each bottle & 25 per ct. 
free. 



free, 
free. 



28. 



29. 



Berg,Chr. L. Eriksberg, Stockholm. 
Mineral Waters. 

Berg, Gottfr. Warby, Stockhom. 
Vivianite from Vendalen, Jemtland. 



30. Mineralwatten Aktiebolaget. Mineral 
Water Co. Lim.. Stockholm. 
Mineral Waters. 



Metallurgical Products. 



B. — Metallurgical Products. 
CLASS jji. 

Import Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

Iron, in bars, 35 per cent, of the import price, but 

not less than I ct. per lb. for or- 
dinary sizes, or i^ cents for extra 



" pigs, • • 

" " sheets, . - 

Steel, in bars, billets, coils, ingots and sheets, 
valued at 7 ct., or less per lb., . 
" " above 7, not above II cts. per lb., . 

" " above II cts. per lb., 

" In blooms, cast-tires, axles, shafts, and 

other forgings in the rough, 
" In other forms, not otherwise provided for, 

31. Aktiebolaget Bofors Gullspang. The 

Bofors Gullspang Co., Lim. j by 
P. Lagerhjelm. Bofors. 

(Iron-ores. See CI. 100). 

Pig-iron, Blooms, Bar-iron, Wire-rods 
and Iron-plate. 

Prev. Aw. Stockholm, 1866 (honorable 
mention); Paris, 1867 (honorable mention); Vi- 
enna, 1873 (medal of merit). 

Agents : Messrs. J. A. Kjellberg & Soner, 
Goteborg. 

The rolling-mill at Bofors was established in 
1865. At present mining is carried on in Nora 
and Karlskoga, mining districts of Orebro Lan ; 
refining at Bofors and Bjorkborn, of the same 
Lan, and also at Gullspang in Westergotland and 
YVagsjofors, in Wermland. There are blast fur- 
naces at Qvarnstorp, Lonnhyttan and Granbergs- 
dal. 

The works use 500 H. P., and employ 200 
workmen. 

The production during 1874 was 6,000 tons 
in bars and rods, and that for 1 87 5 is estimated 
to 8,500 tons. 

An Aid- Society is formed for supporting the 
sick, and the workmen themselves contribute to 
its fund according to their wages. 

Directors: Messrs. C. O. Kjellberg, C. F. 
Geijerstam and P. Lagerhjelm, General Man- 
ager. 

32. Fagersta Bruk. Fagersta Iron- and 

Steel- Works ; by Chr. Aspelin. 
Westanfors. 
(Iron-ores, raw and roasted. Lime-stone. 
See CI. IOO.I 



sizes. 

$7 per ton. 

$1,25 per bdl. 

2.y 2 cts. per lb. 
3 cts. per lb. 
3^ ct-s per lb. 

90 per ct. of 4.5 per ct. 
90 per ct. of 30 per ct. 



free, 
free, 
free. 

free, 
free, 
free. 

free, 
free. 




Pig-iron and Blast-furnace-slag. A 
series of broken nine-inch Bessemer Steel 
Ingots of various temper, with blooms, forged 
from pieces of the same. Slag from the con- 
verter. 

Bessemer Steel, square and 
round, from ^ inch to 5 inches di- 
ameter. 

Spring-steel from ij4 to 4 inches. 

Crank-axles, Shafts and various forgings 
for machinery. 

(Forged Spikes, Nails and Nail-rods ; 
Cut Nails and Flat-iron for Cut Nails, see CI. 
284.) 

(Saw-blades. — See CI. 510.) 

(Railway apparatus : Axles, among which 
is one tested by several strokes. Springs and 
Buffers. See CI. 573.) 

(Tram-way rails and Angle-steel, see 
CI. 577-) 

Plates. Plate-slabs, forged and broken 
for showing the fracture. Plate-slabs, rolled 
(a Steam boiler made from Fagersta-steel, and 
showing its toughness. 

Gunbarrels : 

(a.) A series, showing the different stages 
in the manufacture of Gunbarrels, that are rolled 
over balls, from punched pieces. 

(b.) A Gunbarrel that has been subjected 
to trials at the gun-factory of Husqvarna. 

(c.) Five Gunbarrels, that have been sub- 
mitted to severe trials at the gun-factory of the 
Swedish government. 

(d.) A series of gunbarrels, showing the 
different stages in the manufacture of gunbarrels 
from hammered solid pieces. 
"Tools for rock-drilling. 



Metallurgical Products. 



Tool-steel. A series of broken ^-inch 
square steel showing, the different fractures on 
account of different degrees of carbonization. 

Steel bars of various temper, welded to- 
gether and broken to show the fracture. 

A series of Products from the Bessemer 
converter, taken out at different periods of the 
blow, with samples of slag, taken at the same 
time. 

Steel from Fagersta Bessemer works of 
several degrees of hardness, tested at the testing 
works of Mr. D. Kirkaldy in London. The 
whole, forming a very complete series of experi- 
ments, made for investigating the strength of the 
material by tension, elasticity, compression and 
torsion, etc. 

Reports of the results and commentaries, by 
Mr. Kirkaldy, as well as a Special Catalogue, 
containing chemical analyses of the Fagersta 
products, and certificates as to the quality, are to 
be obtained at the office of the Swedish Com- 
mission. 

The manufacture is carried on at Fagersta, 
Westanfors and Fliken. 

Prev. Aw.: Paris, 1867 (gold medal); Co- 
penhagen, 1872 (silver medal); London, 1873 
(medal); Vienna, 1873 (medal of progress). 

The Fagersta Iron-works are very old, and 
the Bessemer process was introduced as early as 
as 1867, and although the method at that time 
was not so developed as it is at present, the first 
" blows " were made with perfect success, on 
account of the good materials used. 

For the iron and steel manufacture are em- 
ployed about 250 workmen, with wages of from 
$n to $34, gold, per month, and 10 boys under 
15 years with wages of $4 to $8, gold, per month. 
The annual production of Bessemer ingots 
is about 3,100 tons; all the ingots are manufac- 
tured into blooms, slabs, axles, machinery, rail- 
way material, springs, tool-steel, plates, saw- 
blades, gunbarrels, spikes, etc. 

Besides the pig-iron used for Bessemer, 
they use about 2,000 tons for making Lancashire 
iron. 

Raw materials used: 

10,100 tons of iron-ore. 

1,072,000 bushels charcoal. 

150,000 cub. ft. of coal. 

20,000 " " " coke. 

About 300 tons of scraps are obtained an- 
nually, that are partly sent to England and partly 
remelted at the works. 



Government taxes, $ 300, gold 

Community taxes, $1,300, " 

The iron and steel is consumed mostly in 
Sweden, and the rest sold in Denmark, Norway, 
Germany, England and in the United States of 
America. 

The works are driven partly by water, of 
about 750 H. P., and partly by steam engines of 
70 H. P. 

For the production of pig-iron two blast- 
furnaces are used, and, for converting the pig-iron 
into steel, two "Bessemer converters, of a capacity 
of three and one-half tons each. 

The steel is made by the direct process, the 
iron is taken in a ladle from the blast furnace to 
the converter, and the steel is always blown 
without addition of spiegeleisen. As the excel- 
lent ore used for the Bessemer pig-iron is taken 
from mines in Norberg, belonging to the works, 
the mixture of ore is always the same 
and consequently the quality of the steel is con- 
stantly uniform. 

The steel used, for a great variety of manu- 
facture, can, by the absolute absence of sulphur, 
and the extremely small quantity of phosphorus 
(0.02 per ct.), as well as the high amount of man- 
ganese (4 to 5 per ct.), be made of any desirable 
temper, from the softest (containing o. 10 per ct. 
of carbon), suitable for plates, wire, etc., to the 
hardest tool-steel, of 1.00 per cent., and upwards, 
and the certificates, specified in the special cata- 
logue of the Fagersta exhibition, as well as the 
account of the very interesting illustrations of the 
tension, etc., of the material, speaks highly in 
favor of the production. 

33. GysingeBruk. Gy singe Iron- Works. 
by G. Benedicks. Gene. 



Pig- and Bar-Iron. Brand 



The manufacture was commenced in 1678. 
There are seventy men employed in the works. 

The power required (200 H. P.) is supplied 
by water. 

The annual production consists of about 
1,200 tons bar-iron, with a value of about $160,- 
000, gold. The old Walloon process is used. 

The production is exported to England, 
France and America. 




Metallurgical Products. 



The area of the estate is about 50,000 acres, 
about 43,600 of which are woodland. 

For the benefit of the workmen are estab. 
lished a savings-bank, pension-fund, primary 
school, common school, industrial school for girls' 
library, etc. 

34. Collective Exhibition of Jern Kontoret. 

Swedish Iron- Masters' Association. 
Stockholm. 
(Maps, Collection of Minerals, Draw- 
ings of Blast-furnaces, etc. See CI. 100.) 

Iron-works partaking in the Collective 
Exhibition of Jern Kontoret: 

1. Ankarsrums Bruk. Ankarsrum 
Iron- Works j by A. De Mare. 
Ankarsrum. 

One 9.24 inch cast-iron-shot with 
bronze studs. 

One ditto, broken for showing the 
fracture. 

One 1 1 -inch chilled cast-iron shot 
with copper belts. 

One 1 1 -inch chilled cast-iron shot, 
broken to show the fracture. 

Chilled cast-iron double-pointed 
crossing. 

Chilled cast-iron single-pointed 
crossing. 

Blooms. 

Bar-iron. 

Wire-rod. 



Swedish wrought-iron for blister 
steel. 




Prev. Aw. : Vienna, 1873, as partak- 
ing in the Coll. Exh. of Jern-Kontoret, 
(Diploma of Honor.) 

Prev. Aw. : London, 1862, honora- 
ble mention; Stockholm, 1866, first 
prize; Paris, 1867, bronze medal; Co- 
penhagen, 1872, silver medal; Moscow, 



1872, silver medal; Vienna, 1873, medal 
of progress. 

One of the two railway crossings has 
been used 2>y z years in the station of 
Arvika. 

The manufacture of pig-iron com- 
menced 1827, of castings, 1835, and 
of bar-iron, 1855. In the establishment 
are employed 625 men and 375 women. 

The iron-products are exported to 
Norway, Denmark, Finland, Russia, 
England, Germany, France, etc. 

Avesta - Garpenbergs Aktiebolag. 

Avesta Garpenberg Co. Lim. 

Avesta. 

(Iron-ores from the mines of Udde- 
valla in Norberg, Langvik, Knaper- 
grulvan, Grondal, Rullshytte, Spetal, 
Karrgrufvan. — See CI. 100.) 

Pig-iron fromDormsjo blast-furnace. 



ws 



Blooms of Steel-iron from Garpen- 
berg, broken to show the fracture. 



AG 



Blooms from Avesta, broken to show 
the fracture. 



CD 



Steel-iron from Garpenberg. 



AC 



The pig-iron is made at Avesta, 
Dormsjo and Fors' blast-furnaces, and 
the wrought-iron at Avesta, Brattsfors 
Talbo, Fors and Asgarn, all these man- 
ufactories belonging to the Company. 

Bjorneborgs Bruksegare. Propri- 
etors of Bjorneborg Iron and 
Steel- Works; by O. Nordenfelt. 
Bjorneborg. 

(Iron-ores from Persberg, Sanna and 
Hofsta. — See Class 100). 

Pig-iron and Slag, from the blast- 
furnace. 

Bessemer-steel ingots. 
Steel-bars, showing the fracture. 



io 



Metallurgical Products. 



Prev. Aw.: London, 1862, for Pig- 
iron, Bar-iron and Steel, of the brand : 




London, 1873, a * tne exhibition in Al- 
bert Hall. 

Agencies in Goteborg, London and 
Sheffield. 

The manufacture of Bar-iron was 
commenced 1656, when the works were 
established; of Pig-iron in 1852, and 
that of Bessemer-steel in 1874. 

In the works, 84 men, and 6 boys 
under 15 years of age, are employed. 
The total amount of wages paid them 
is $47 gold, per day. 

The power required for the manu- 
facture of pig-iron, is supplied by steam- 
engines of 40 H. P., and water-engines 
of 25 H. P. For the manufacture of 
Bessemer-steel, water power of 750 H. 
P., is available. At present, 400 to 500 
H. P. only, are employed. 

The last years' production consists 
of over 7,000 tons of pig-iron, and 1,300 
tons of Bessemer-steel ingots, the whole 
having a value of about $204,000 gold. 

The raw materials, used for this pro- 
duction were : 

Iron-ores, . . 12,238 tons, 
Limestone, . . 1,040 " 

Charcoal, . . 1,205,000 bushels, 
and of the pig-iron produced, 1,720 
tons were converted into Bessemer-steel. 

The Bessemer-scrap is remelted in a 
Lancashire hearth, and then drawn into 
bars. 

All the steel is exported to Sheffield. 

Government taxes : 



on Pig-iron, 

on Bessemer-steel, 

Community taxes : 

on Pig-iron, 

on Bessemer-steel, 



$89.00 gold. 
88.00 " 



56I.OO gold. 
58.00 " 



Six per cent, of the earnings of the 
workmen, are deposited in a life annuity 
insurance-institution. 

A common and a primary school are 
established at the works. 



4- Degerfors Aktiebolag. Degerfo7-s 
Iron-works Company; by Joseph 
Larson. Degerfors. 




(Iron-ores. See CI. 100.' 
Samples of Pig-iron: 



wc 




K + 



WC 



Blast-furnace slag. 

Bar-iron bent so as to show 
that it is free from cold, and red- 
shortness. 

Boiler-plate, a piece of the 
same brand, bent cold, and 
another bent warm. 



Wire-rod No. 6 W. G., 700 Swed- 
ish feet long, and weighing 78 lbs. 

Iron-bars, round and square, 
of different dimensions : 



WC 



HD 



m> 



Angle-iron, 4 by 4 and y/ 2 
by 2^ inches: 

Bundles of square and flat Nail-rods 
and Rivet-iron : 



OT) 



K + 



Samples of broken bars showing the 
fracture. 

Agents : Messrs. A. Froding & Co., 
Goteborg. 

The works were established in 1863, 
by the Olsboda Company. The pres- 
ent owners bought the works in 1870, 
and have constantly extended the same 
since that time. 

Prev. Aw.: Vienna, 1873, as partak- 
ing in the collective exhibit of Jernkon- 
toret, Diploma of Honour. 

The number of employees are : In 
the manufacture of iron, 270 men and 40 
boys. On buildings, etc., 90 men. 

Their wages are : first- class work- 
men, $275 to $550 gold, per annum; 
others from #165 to $275 gold; boys 
from $55 to $100 gold per annum. 

At present the power is supplied by 
water engines of 550 H. P., but through 



Metallurgical Products. 



water-works already built, the total 
available power amounts to at least 
1,400 H. P. Besides this, a 4- ton 
steam-hammer is employed. 

In the year of 1874, was made at the 
works, 4,243 tons of pig-iron, and 
during the same year were drawn in the 
rolling mill, from own billets, 3,507 
tons, principally wire and nail-rods; 
from billets made at other forges, 1,434 
tons ; total, 4,941 tons. 

The value of the annual production 
is about $270,000, gold. The govern- 
ment taxes are about $360, gold, and the 
community taxes $792 gold. 

For the manufacture are constructed 
one blast-furnace, seven Lancashire- 
hearths and rolling mills for bar-iron 
and rods, two puddling-furnaces, steam- 
hammer, and one train for boiler-plates 
up to five feet in width. 

Most of the bar-ends from the mills 
are re-rolled, the rest being re-melted 
with charcoal, and the iron thus pro- 
duced, is used for special purposes. 

Most of the production is exported, 
principally to America, Germany, Eng- 
land and France. 

All the children of the workmen re- 
ceive instruction at the Company's ex- 
pense. 

The workmen deposit their savings 
in the savings bank of Kristinehamn,the 
nearest town. A few of them also have 
deposits in the Interest and Capital In- 
surance Association of Stockholm. 

A so-called Co-operative Society has 
been established with a share capital of 
about $1,400 gold, mainly subscribed 
for by the workmen themselves. Its 
main qbject being to buy the necessi- 
ties of life at wholesale, and to retail 
them to members at cost. During last 
year its sales reached the considerable 
sum of $29,722 gold. 

5. Carl Ekman. Finspong. 



*K TGE NG 

Materials for Gun-pig-iron. 
(Iron-ores from the mines of Far- 
ola^Nartorp and Stenebo, see CI. 100). 



Limestone and calcined ores from 
the same mines. 

Samples of the 1st, 2d and 3d class 
of Gun- Pig- Iron from the blast fur- 
nace, and the corresponding Slag. 

Samples of the 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 
7th and 8th class of Gun- Pig- Iron, 
from the re-melting furnace. 



CYLINDER. 





Forge Pig-iron, 

mottled. 



grey, white, and 




Pig-iron for malleable castings, 

white and grey. 



(AB) 



Forged Blooms and rough Bars, 
Iron Rails, Angle Iron, rolled Flat- 
iron for cut nails, round, square and 
flat Rolled Iron Bars. 

(Two chilled 16 centimeters Shot, 
cast from Finspong gun pig-iron, of 
which one is broken to show the frac- 
ture. 

One 12 centimeters Shell and one 
16 centimeters Shell. 

Two chilled 24 centimeters Shot, 
cast from Finspong gun pig, of which 
one is broken to show the fracture. See 
Class 267). 

(Chilled Railway Wagon Wheels, 
see Class 573). 

Prev. Aws. : First Prizes at the ex- 
hibitions of London, Paris, Vienna and 
Moscow. 

The business embraces iron works 
and machine shops, together with min- 
ing, forresting and farming. 

Branches : Sten blast-furnace, Latorp 
forges, Fiskeby estate, and others. 

The manufacture was commenced in 
the seventeenth century. 



I 2 



Metallurgical Products. 



The employees consist of: 
Managers, Engineers, Foreman, 

and Office-Assistants, . . 39 

Regular workmen, ' . . 650 

Variable " . . .196 

Women in the farming, . 20 

Boys and girls under 15, . . 30 

Total employees ,. 935 
The workmen have free lodgings, fire- 
wood at a low, fixed price, and wages 
according to skill. 

The 1030 H. P. required, is supplied 
partly by water, and partly by steam- 
engines. 

The production, during 1874, consis- 
ted of: 

Pig-iron, . . . 7,917 tons. 

Bar- Rod- Hoop- and 

Shaped-iron, . 4»37o " 

Billets, . . . 208 " 

Guns and Shots, . . 625 " 

Sundry Castings and 
Machine Parts, (Shafts, 
Axles, etc.), . . 416 " 

Nails and Railway Bolts, 125 " 

Planks and Boards 2,000 Standards, 
and besides Farm Produce. 

The value of this production 
amounted to $555,600 gold, besides the 
value of the farm produce. The value 
of the manufactures has doubled within 
the last 12 years. 

The raw materials used in the above 
production were: 

Iron-ores, . . 16,500 tons. 

Charcoal, . . 2,538,000 " 
Limestone, . . . 1,650 " 

Timbers, . . 60,000 pieces. 

The pig-iron, as well as the bar-iron 
are manufactured with charcoal, the 
pig-iron for guns and shot is blown 
with cold blast, and from particular ores, 
suitable for the purpose. 

The products are mostly exported. 
At Finspong and Latorp are established 
2 schools with 3 male teachers, 7 female 
teachers, and about 270 children. At 
Sten is established a school with one 
teacher and about 50 children. The 
works employ a physician, who resides 
at Finspong, at which place also a 
drug-store is maintained at the expense 
of the proprietor. Workmen with 
families receive gratuitous treatment in 
case of sickness. At Finspong is 



established a hospital with 8 beds, and 
a "home "for such as have been dis- 
abled or have grown infirm, at present 
7, and an assistance-fund for sick work- 
men. The savings-bank of the Lan, 
which has branches in the parishes, is 
patronized by the workmen. 

6. Hermansson, C. T., von. Count. 
Ferna. 




(m) —^> 

(Iron-ores for the manufacture of 
Spiegeleisen, from the mines of Mar- 
nas and Hillang ; for the manufacture 
of rolled bar-iron, from the mines of 
Drag, By berg, Grasberg, Hallsjo, Ny- 
berg, Spetal, and Kolningsberg. — See 
CI. 100). 

Specimens of Spiegeleisen and Bar- 
iron. 

Prev. Aw. : Vienna 1873, as partak- 
ing in the Collective Exhibition of Jern- 
Kontoret, Diploma of Honor. 

The manufacture was commenced 
over 200 years ago. 

The works are all situated in Wes- 
terns Lan, at Ferna, Bockhammar, Ked- 
jebo, Trummelsberg, Finnbo, Bjornhyt- 
tan, Wirsbo, and Bennebo. 

The 200 H. P. required for the works 
is supplied by water, and in case of 
scarcity, steam-power is employed. 

The annual production consists of 
about 4,000 tons of Bar-iron of the fol- 
lowing dimensions : 

Square-iron from 5 millim. to 55 
millim. 

Round-iron from 5 millim. to 55 
millim. 

Flat-iron from 10 by 2*4 millim. 
to 120 by 25 millim. 

The Institutions for the benefit of the 
workmen are similar to those generally 
established at such works in Sweden. 



METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS. 



13 



7- Hofors &. Hammarby Bruksegare, 

Proprietors of Hofors & Ham- 
marby Ironworks j by Hj.Petre. 
Gefle. 

(Iron-ores from the mines of Malm- 
berg, Grondal, Penninggrufvan, Nya 
Karrgrufvan, Storbergand Nyang. — See 
CI. 100). 

Roasted Iron-ore from the same 
mines. 

Pig and Blast Furnace-slag. 

Blooms. 

Iron-bars, forged. 

Nailrods, in bundles. 

Samples of Iron, bent cold, and 
others punched red hot, to show that it 
is free from redshortness. 

Prev. Aw.: Vienna, 1873, as partak- 
ing in the collective exhib. of Jeru- 
Kontoret, (Diploma of Honor). 

8. Larsbo-Norns Aktiebolag. Lars- 
bo- Noms Company ; by H. P. 
W. Gahn. Kafalla. 
Iron-ores (See CI. 100). 
Pigi-ron and rolled Bar-iron. 
Prev. Aw.: Vienna, 1 873, as partak- 
ing in the collective exhibition of Jern- 
Kontoret Diploma of Honor. 

Agents in Stockholm, Messrs. A. W. 
Frestadius & Co., and others. 

The works embrace : Larsbo-Norns 
and Wikmanshytte Iron-Works in Da- 
larne, and Ramnas Rolling-Mills in 
Westmanland, besides mines, forests, 
and farms. 

The annual production consists of: 

6,000 tons. 
1,900 " 
1,400 " 



Pig-iron, 
Rolled Bar-iron, 
Forged Bar-iron, 
Cast-steel, 



Laxa Bruks Aktiebolag. 

Iron- Works Co., Lim. 

LAXA 



H5H 5 



(Iron-ore. — See CI. 100). 



Laxa 
Laxa. 

•I) vc 



DB 
L 



The water-power 
The steam-power 



Pig-iron, Blooms, and Bar-iron, 
broken iron-bars, showing the frac- 
ture, round iron-bars, bent into knots 
and spirals. 

Prev. Aw. : Bronze medal, Stock 
holm 1866; Gold medal, Moscow 1872. 

The works, established as early as 
the 17th century, employ for the manu- 
facture of 

pig iron, 30 hands. 1 

blooms, 50 hands. J- 130 laborers, 

wrought iron, 50 hands. J 

180 H. P. 
. 40 H. P. 

During the last years an average of 
7,000 tons of iron-ore have been used 
for producing pig-iron, which, with the 
addition of 1,700 tons of pig-iron from 
other furnaces, have been refined into 
wrought-iron. 

10. Lesjofors Aktiebolag. Lesjofors 

Iron and Steel Co. Lim. ; by G. 

Ekman. Langbanshyttan. 

(Iron-ores from the mines of Pers- 
berg and Langban, among which are 
crystallized Magnetite and Specular 
ore, Hausmannite and Limestone. 
See Class 100.) 

Pig-iron and Blast-Furnace slag. 

Bessemer-Steel Ingots. Brand: 



CE 



Bessemer-steel Bars of various 
dimensions. Brand : 

f EKMAN & CO.,] 
\ BESSEMER \ 
y CAST STEEL. J 

(with from 0.75 to 0.80 per ct. of carbon). 
One Bar, contaning 0.15 per cent, of 
carbon. 



EKMAN & CO. 
BESSEMER, 



One bundle Wire, No. 4, W. G. 

f EKMAN & CO., \ 
\ BESSEMER. / 

containing 0.15 per cent, of carbon. 
One bundle Wire, No. 4. W. G. 

EKMAN & CO. 

Wire Ropes, 



14 



Metallurgical Products. 



Prev. Aw. : Silver Medals : Stock- 
holm, 1851 and 1856; Paris, 1855 and 
1867; Bronze medals: Copenhagen, 
1872; Vienna, 1873. 

Agents — Messrs. Ekman & Co., in 
Goteborg. The company owns Lesjo- 
fors Iron-works with blast-furnace, and 
Bessemer works, at Langbanshyttan, 
both in Wermland. The wire manufac- 
ture was commenced in 1 856, the 
manufacture of steel by the Siemens- 
Martins process in 1871, and by the 
Bessemer process in 1875. 

In the different manufactures of the 
company are employed 190 workmen, 
of which four are under fifteen years of 
age. They are mostly paid by the 
piece, and their wages amount to from 
eight to twenty-five ore (2^ to 8^ 
cents per hour. 

In this statement are not included the 
workmen required for the work in the 
woods, the lumber business, farming 
work and mining. 

The power required, is at Lesjofors 
supplied by motors of 250 H. P., and 
at Langbanshyttan of 500 H. P. 

The manufacture consists of pig and 
bar-iron and steel made by the Siemens- 
Martin and Bessemer processes, together 
with the manufacture of these products 
into various objects, as wire ropes, nails, 
etc. The quantity of the production 
is varying, according to the state of the 
market, which has especially influenced 
the produced amount of iron. 

The value of the manufacture during 
1873 amounted to $200,000 gold, against 
$97,100 gold in 1868; herein, however, 
are not included light wire wares and 
pig-iron. 

As an exact book-keeping shows that 
under present conditions the agriculture 
in this district, although necessary for 
other industries, gives only loss, the 
taxes on real estate and business of the 
company are charged entirely to the 
business, and amount to the government 
to $800 gold per annum, and to the 
community more than one-half that 
sum, not counting maintainance of 
roads, poor-taxes, school-taxes, etc. 



The raw materials annually used are 
about 4,200 tons of iron-ore from Pers- 
berg and Langban mines, 550,000 
bushels of charcoal, and 4,219 cords of 
wood. 

The Bessemer ingots are taken as hot 
as possible from the moulds and intro- 
duced into a re-heating furnace, where 
their temperature becomes more uni- 
form, whereupon they are immediately 
drawn into blooms. 

The products are partly consumed in 
Sweden and partly exported. 

For the benefit of the workmen at 
Lesjofors are established savings-funds, 
together with interest insurance-fund, 
co-operative society,which, from its earn- 
ings is allowed to pay two per cent, on 
the capital paid in, but must use the rest 
for mutual beneficial purposes ; a com- 
mon school with two graduated male 
and three female teachers. At Lang- 
banshyttan, a school with one graduated 
male and two female teachers. Besides, 
these, are in both places established 
industrial schools for girls, reading 
societies with libraries. 

It is probable that the manufacture 
of pig-iron will be about 2,100 tons per 
annum, from which will be manufac- 
tured about 850 tons Bessemer steel, 
and about 850 tons Lancashire iron 
and steel of various kinds, together with 
some Martin steel. 

11. Lindberg Lars. Kohlsva. 

(Iron ore. — See Class 100). 

Roasted iron-ore, Pig-iron, and 
blast furnace-slag, Blooms, broken 
to show the fracture ; Rods, and Wire. 

Prev. Aw.: Vienna, 1873, as partak- 
ing in the collective-exhib. of Jern 
Kontoret Diploma of Honor. 

12. Lofvenskiold Salomon. Nissafors, 

Jonkoping. (See Class 100). 




N?N 



Magnetic iron-ore, Pig-iron, Blast 
furnace-slag, Billets, Bariron, of 
different shapes. 






Metallurgical Products. 



Prev. aw. Vienna, 1 873, as partaking 
in the collective exhibiton of Jernkon- 
toret, Diploma of Honor. 

The manufacture commenced in 1 7 12. 
Branch manufactory at Rasjo, in the 
Lan of Jonkoping. In the works are 
employed 3 assistants and 38 workmen, 
altogether 41 employees, with wages 
amounting to $4,400 gold, per annum. 
The necessary power is furnished by 
water engines of 90 H. P. 

The annual production during the last 
ten years has been about 400 tons bar 
iron of various dimensions, with a value 
about $23,600 gold, which sum, during 
the last few years, has increased about 
$4,200 gold, owing to the high cost of 
manufacture. The raw materials were 
119,500 bushels of charcoal and 500 
tons of pig iron. 

The refuse from the manufacture is 
remelted and sometimes refined. 

The annual exports were about 200 
tons bar-iron. 

Ramnas Bruks Aktiebolag. Rewi- 
nds Iron Works Company Lim.; 
by Fabian Tersmeden. Ramnas. 

Iron -Ore from the mines of Norberg 
and Meling (see Class 100). 

Roasted Iron- Ore, from the same 
mines ; Limestone. 

Pig-iron from the blast-furnaces at 
Seglingsberg, along with the slag 

Blooms, from Ramnas. 

Rolled Iron-Bars. 

Prev. aw.: Vienna, 1873, as partaking 
in the collective exhibition of Jern- 
Kontoret, Diploma of Honor. 

The smelting of the ores is carried on 
at Seglingsberg and Mattsbo. The 
Rolling Mills are at Ramnas, where 
in 1875, 5,330 tons of iron of different 
kinds were drawn. 

During the same year were produced 
at Seglingsberg, 2,550 tons of Pig iron, 
at Mattsbo, 2,100. 

Rettig C. A. Gefle, Kilafors. 
(Iron-ores. — See CI. 100). 
Pig- and Bar-Iron. 



Prev. aw.: London, 1851 and 1863 ; 
Stockholm, 1866, and Vienna, 1873, as 
partaking in the collective exhibition of 
Jern-Kontoret, Diploma of Honor. 

The manufacture under the present 
brands commenced in 1840. 

In the works are employed 112 men 
and 14 boys. The power required is 
supplied by water engines of about 
200 H. P., and a steam engine of 
of 20 H. P. 

The annual production is about 1,600 
to 2,100 tons of pig and 1,500 tons of bar- 
iron, for which a tax of $550 gold is 
paid to the government, and $830 gold 
to the community. 

The raw materials used annually are: 
5,000 tons iron ore from the mines of 
Hammarin and Ramha.ll, 1,250 tons 
from the mines of Bispberg and Nor- 
berg. The production is exported to 
England and America. 

For the benefit of old and infirm 
workmen, a pension fund is established. 
Four schools for the children of the 
workmen are maintained by the pro- 
prietor. 

The brand mostly used by the Kila- 
fors Works, during the last three 
decades, is 




W-n 



In the manufacture of gray pig-iron a 
blast, with a temperature of about 392 
F., is used, but for white malleable pig- 
iron, and forging pigs, a blast with a 
temperature only =158° F. The gray 
pig iron, which contains about 2 per 
cent, of manganese has with advan- 
tage been used for the Bessemer process, 
and the white pig iron as material for 
malleable pig-iron, iron, for blister 
steel and wire, as well as for steel made 
by the Siemens-Martins process. The 
steel- and wire-iron is manufactured by 
the Lancashire process, and the welding 
is done in a hearth (not a welding-fur- 
nace), invented by the owner of the 
works. 



i6 



Metallurgical Products. 



15. Schisshytte-MolneboBruk, (Schiss- 
hytte-Molnebo Iron Works ) 
Morgongafva. 

(Iron-ores, Knebelite,' Zinc-ores, 
Galena — see CI. 100.) 

Spiegeleisen of the brand : 



W28B 



(Bars of Lead. — See CI. 113). 

Prev. aw.: London, 1173, medal; 
Vienna, 1873, bronze medal. 

Branch works at Ramen, in Dalarne. 

The present firm succeeded Alex 
Keiller & Co., in 1872. 

In the works are employed 70 men 
and 5 boys under 1 5 years of age. 

The power required is supplied by 
water and steam engines, together 25 
H. P. 

The production during 1874 con- 
sisted of 3,330 tons of the different 
products, for which the government 
taxes were $263 gold, and the com- 
munity taxes $300. For the production 
of one ton spiegelisen are used : 

Iron-ore, . . . tons 2,03 

Limestone, . . .. "0.18 

Coke, . . bushels 13,80 

Charcoal. . . " 197 

The exports go principally to Eng- 
land and Germany. 

StockenstromA.von. Aker, Marie- 
fred. 

(Iron-ore and Lime. — See CI. 100.) 
White pig iron : 



M 



Blast furnace slags. 

Prev. aw.: Medals, in London, 1851 
and 1862; Paris, 1855 and l86 7; Co- 
penhagen, 1872; and Stockholm, 1866. 
Diploma of Honor, in Vienna, 1873, as 
partaker in the Coll. Exh. of Jern- 
Kontoret. 

The production of the kind of pig 
iron exhibited was commenced in 1868. 

The power required is supplied by 
water. 



The raw materials used are ores from 
Skattvang, Bredsjonas, Uto, and Udde- 
valla mines. 

Limestone from BredsjSnas and Kalk- 
bro. 

The productions are exported to Bel- 
gium, France, England, Germany, 
Russia, Switzerland. There are benefi- 
cent institutions, funds, schools, etc., for 
the workmen. 

Stora Kopparbergs Bergslag. Da- 
larne. Head-office in Stock- 
holm. 

(Iron-ores from the mines of Win- 
tjern, Skinnarang, Grasberg, Tuna Hast- 
berg. — See CI. 100). 

Roasted Iron-ores, from the same 

mines. 

Pig Iron, made from these ores. 
Blast-furnace slag. 
Blooms and Billets, from different 
kinds of pig iron, marked : 




Bar-iron, marked 




from blooms of the same brand: 
Bar- Iron, marked : 




LANCASH 
SWEDISH 



from blooms of the brand : 




Bar-Iron, marked : 




LANCASH 
SWEDISH 



Metallurgical Products. 



17 



from blooms of the brand : 




Bar- Iron, marked: 



LX 



from blooms of the same brand. 

Iron samples with holes,' punched 
in red heat, to show that it is quite free 
from redshortness. 

Prev. Aw.: Bronze-medals in Paris, 
1855 ; London, 1862; Stockholm, 1866; 
Moscow, 1872. Silver-medal in Copen- 
hagen, 1872; and Diploma of Honor in 
Vienna, 1873, as partaking in the col- 
lective exhibition of Jern-Kontoret. 

The iron-works were commenced in 
1736. 
>. Sundstrom, J. 0. Charlottenberg. 
(Iron-ore. — See CI. 100). 
Pig-iron and Bar-iron. 
(Nails— See CI. 284). 
Prev. Aw.: Copenhagen, 1872; Vi- 
enna, 1873, medal of merit. 

The manufacture of bar-iron was 
commenced in 1863; the manufacture 
of nails, by the exhibitor's new process, 
in 1872; and the manufacture of pig- 
iron in 1873. 

In the works, are employed 167 men, 
with wages of about $1.10, gold, per 
day, and 17 boys, with wages of about 
$0.45, gold, per day, or altogether, 184 
workmen. 

The power required for the operation 
of the works, is supplied by water- 
engines of 200 H. P., and steam-engines 
of 20 H. P. 

The production in 1874, consisted of 

625 tons of rail-spikes, 
1,400 " pine- and oak-spikes, 
1,650 " bar-iron, 

with a value of $310,000, gold, on 
which the government taxes were $83, 
gold, and the community taxes, about 
£550, gold. 

The raw materials used for tlii^ pro- 



duction, and for making 4,000 tons of 
pig-iron, were as follows : 



Iron-ore, 

Charcoal, 

Coal, 

Coke, 

Turf, . 

Sawdust 



6,500 tons. 

1,080,000 bushels. 

32,000 cub. ft. 

19,000 " 

225,000 " 

162,000 " 



For the manufacture of wrought- iron, 
Lancashire hearths are used. In the 
manufacture of bar-iron, welding furna- 
ces for peat and sawdust of Lundin's 
patent are used, and also a welding 
furnace for wood and coal of W. Wenn- 
strom's construction. 

In the manufacture of rail-spikes 
machines of C. Ostlund's patent are 
employed; and in the manufacture of 
pine- and oak-nails, machines of the 
exhibitor's patent. 

The bar-iron is exported to America, 
France, England, and Norway. 

The rail-spikes are sold in Sweden 
and Norway. The pine- and oak-nails 
in Sweden, Norway, Finland, and 
Russia. 

In America, the bar-iron is known 
under the following brands : 




LAN CASH 
GASWELDED. 

For the benefit of the workmen, a 
savings-bank, a school -house, and a 
singing-class have been established at 
the works. 

19- New Gellivara Co. Lim. ; by J. A. 

Wikstrom. Lulea. 

(Iron-ores. — See CI. 100). 
Products therefrom. 
(Nails.— See CI. 284). 
(Forest products. — See CI. 600). 

(Agricultural products. — See CI. 

620). 

After many years' suspense, the man- 
ufacture of pig-iron was taken up again 
in 1874, and that of bar-iron in 1875. 



Metallurgical Products. 



The whole number of employees was 
last year 1500 men, with an average fee 
of $0.55 gold per day. The amount of 
the production was : 1 200 tons pig-iron 
and castings, 9,200 standards, deals and 
battens. The whole production is ex- 
ported to England and France. Taxes 
paid to the Government amount to about 
$2,200 gold, and to the community, 
about $4,500 gold. 

20. Osterby &Strombacka Bruksegare. 

Proprietors of Osterby 6* Sirom- 

backa Iron Works; by Baron G. 

Tamm. Dannemora. 

(Iron-ores from the mines of Danne- 
mora. — See Class 100.) 

Roasted-ores from the same mines. 

Pig-iron from the same ore. 

Slag from the blast-furnace. 

Cast steel ingots, from Osterby. 
Brand : 

DANNEMORA 

Bessemer Steel-ingots from Ig- 



gesund : 






Bessemer Steel-bars. 

Crucible Cast Steel-ingots from 

blister steel. 



OO 



Iron-bars from Osterby. 




35. Larsson P. M. Loa, Rallsa. 

(20 specimens of iron -ore from 7 different 
mines ; the Strassa ore being mostly used for 
making pig iron. — See CI. 100.) 

5 pigs of cast-iron, 2 of which are cast 
in moulds, 2 in open sand. 



N6R 



The old blast furnace erected at a very 
remote period was enlarged in 1872. 



Water power 30 H. P. 

In making the pig-iron, ores from 6 mines 
are mixed in the following proportions : 

Strassa ore 
Blanka " . 
Ingelshytte," . 
Grangsten " 
Smalberg " 
Damgrufva " . 



50 per ct. 
15 " 
15 " 
10 " 

5 " 
5 " 



100 per ct. 

36. Motala Mekaniska Verkstads Aktie- 
bolag. Motala Mechanical Co. Lim.j 
by E. Unge. Motala. 

Iron and steel in bars, plates and 
sheets, with products of working. 

37. Sandvikens Jernwerks Aktiebolag. 

Sandvikens Iron- Works Co. Lim. 
Gefle. 

(Iron-ores. — See Class 100.) 
Pig-iron, Blast-furnace slag. 
Bessemer steel ingots. 
Piston rod for a steam hammer. 

Crank for a steamer made from Bessemer 
steel. 

Shaft for a steamer, made from Bessemer 
steel. 

Locomotive Crank made from Bessemer 
steel. 

Railway wagon wheels, made from 
Bessemer steel. 

Tires and Axles, made from Bessemer 
steel. 

Steel, in bars of various dimensions, made 
from Bessemer steel. 

Prev. aw.: First prizes at Goteborg, i860; 
London, 1862; Stockholm, 1867 : and Moscow, 
1872. 

The director of the works, Mr. Fr. Gorans- 
SON, was rewarded with the large gold medal of 
the Swedish Iron-Masters- Association (Jernkon- 
toret), in 1865. 

Agencies in Stockholm, Christiania, Co- 
penhagen, St. Petersburg, Moscow, Diisseldorf, 
Paris, London, and Sheffield. 

The manufacture of Bessemer steel was 
commenced in November 1857, at the Edske 
blast furnace, and the Hogbo iron-works, and 
was in 1873 concentrated at the iron-works then 
erected at Sandviken. 



Metallurgical Products. 



19 



In the works are employed 700 men, be- 
sides forest workmen "and miners. 

In the Bessemer steel-blowing, which 
is carried on with 2 convertors, are employed 
upwards of 600 H. P., of which about half 
is steam and half water-power. Steam engines 
are besides available to increase this power, in 
case of necessity, with about 150 H. P. In 
the tire mill and the smaller rolling mills, 
water or steam-power, about 185 H. P. is em- 
ployed. 

For the Blowing- engines for the blast- 
furnaces, ventilators, cranes, and other accessory 
machines, steam and water of about 150 H. P. 
are employed. For the forging are employed 
the following steam hammers : 



*K 



1 steam hammer of 15 tons weight. 

y a (i 

2 

2 t( « « j a a 

2 " " " 4 cent'rs " 
The works can produce per annum : 
about 4,200 tons of tires. . 

" 1,700 " " axles and machine parts. 
" 1. 000 " " steel in bars for tools, etc. 

The value of the manufactures during 1874 
amounted to nearly $500,000 gold, and the 
average value for the last five years has been 
$430,500 gold. The raw materials used in 1874, 
consisted of : 



Ironore, principally from 
Bispberg, Norberg, Lang- 
vik, and Nyang mines, 

Limestone, 

Charcoal, 

and for welding furnaces 
and steam boilers, 

Coal, 

Wood, 



9,750 tons. 

1,417 tons. 

1 ,300,000 bushels. 



10,000 tons. 
1 100 cords 



By the use of excellent ores, mixed in such 
proportions, as experience and careful observa- 
tion have indicated, and melting exclusively with 
charcoal, a quality comparable with the best cast 
steel, is obtained, though with a price of produc- 
tion which is slightly higher than by the common 
Bessemer process. 

The largest part of the refuse is remelted in 
the blast-furnaces. 

( )ver half of the manufacture is exported to 
Norway, Denmark, Russia, Germany, France, 
England. 



For the benefit of the workmen, are estab- 
lished at the works : 

A branch of the Gefle savings-bank. 

A sick and burial fund. 

A school with 4 classes, managed by 1 male 
and 3 female teachers; and a library. 

An industrial school for girls, with one 
female teacher. 

. A society of the Workmen's Musical Society 
under whose auspices evening schools have been 
opened and public lectures occasionally given- 

From the beginning of the manufacture, the 
confidence in its products has been constantly in- 
creasing, and orders have been received to such 
a degree as to necessitate yearly extensions of the 
works. 

38. SurahammarsBruksAktiebolag. Sura- 
hammars Iron Co., Li?n.\ by C. 
Alexanderson. Westeras. 

Railway-axle with two wheels. 

Mould for spoke of a wheel. 

Iron puddled with wood as fuel. 

Round-rolled puddled steel and iron. 

Iron, puddled by gas. 

Wheelcentre forged from one piece. 

Wheelcentre outturned at the nave. 

Crooked rail- way wheel-axle notched, 
and then cut into two pieces. 

Tap cut out of a railway axle. 

Old railway axle and wheels with tires 
of puddled steel. 

Special catalogues are to be obtained at 
the office of the Swedish Commission. 

Prev. Aw.: London, 1 862, medal; Paris, 
1867, bronze and silver medal; Copenhagen, 
1872, silver medal; Moscow, 1872, the great 
gold medal. 

The pig is converted into wrought iron by 
puddling, the only fuel used being either wood 
or turf. Coal is never used. 

The annual production is about : 

Plate, .... 1000 tons. 

Railway, wagon wheels and axles, 1 100 " 

and a small quantity of common bars. 

The raw material used a year is about 

Pig iron, .... 2100 tons. 
Blooms, .... 300 " 

About 500 tons tires are annually bought 
for the wheel manufactory. 



20 



Metallurgical Products. 



The government taxes amount to about 
$150 in gold, community taxes $300 gold. 

The value of the annual production is about 
$240,000 gold and it has increased by $125,000 
gold since the year of 1868. 

The products are principally exported to 
Russia and Finland, but partly also to England, 
France, and Germany. 

In the works are employed 167 laborers 
and 31 boys. 

All the children of the workmen receive 
instruction at the expense of the company or the 
parish. The company has erected two school 
houses ; one of them is used as a meeting place by 
the workmen's union. 

39. Uddeholms Aktiebolag. Uddeholm Co. 
Litn.j by E. G. Danielsson, Udde- 
holm, Rada. 

(Iron-ores from the mines of Taberg, in 
Wermland, Nordmarken, Finnmossen, Persberg, 
and Langban. — See CI. 100). 

Roasted Iron-ores, from the same mines, 
and Limestone. 

Pig-iron, from these ores; Slag from the 
blast-furnace. 



Bessemer Steel-ingots, for plate and 
hard steel ; and Slag from the converter. 

Siemen-Martin Steel-ingots, for nail 
and wire-rod. 

Lancashire-iron for wire and other man- 
ufacture. 

Bundles of Iron-rods and Wire-coils. 

Iron-rods, bent, twisted, and knotted. 

Siemen-Martin-Steel, flat and square. 

Wire-rods from the same material. 

Axles from Siemen-Martin-Steel. 

Anvils from Bessemer-steel; Pinch -bars; 
Sledge-hammers ; Rock Drilling Tools ; 
Springs. All made of Bessemer-steel. 

Lancashire -iron bent and twisted, cold; 
broken Iron-bars for showing the fracture. 

Prev. Aw.: Medals in London, 1851; 
New York, 1853; London, 1862; Stockholm' 
1866; Paris, 1867; Copenhagen, 1872; Moscow' 
1872; Diploma of honor in Vienna, 1873, as par- 
taking in the collective exhibit of Jern-Kontoret. 

Agents in Goteborg. 

The mining is carried on in the mining 
districts of Wermland, and the iron and steel 
manufacture, at the Uddeholm Iron Works, in 
the same Lan. 



CLASS 112. 



Copper, in plates, bars, ingots, etc. 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 



5 cts. per lb. 



free. 



40. AdeIsward,Th., Baron. Atvidaberg. 
Copper in ingots, with specimens illus- 
trating its various stages of production. — (See 
Class 100). 

41. Skultuna Aktiebolag. The Skultuna 

Co. Lim.; by O. W. Lowenborg, 
Westeras. 

Copper in various stages of production. 

Brazen Hardware. A price-list will be 
found in the office of the Swedish Commission, 
in the Main Building. 

Prev. Aws. : Bronze Medals in Stockholm, 
1866; Copenhagen, 1872. 

Agencies in Stockholm, Goteborg, Gefle, 
and some other Swedish towns. 



The works are situated on the estate ot 
Skultuna, and were established in 161 1 by the 
Government, and have afterwards been improved 
and extended by private owners. 

In the works 150 men and 20 boys under 
15 years of age are employed. Their wages are 
paid, in accordance with the ancient custom, 
partly in stores and partly in cash. 

The power required is supplied by water- 
engines of 227 H. P. 

The annual production in 1869 amounted 
to $91,772 gold; in 1874 to $193,300 gold, for 
which the Government taxes were $277 gold, 
and the community taxes, $286 gold. 

This production consisted of: 

Copper.- — Sheet, bolt, . . . 2,100 cwt- 
tubes, wire, . . . 465 " 



Metallurgical Products. 



21 



Brass. — Sheet, wire-cloth, . . 1,654 cwt. 

Chandeliers, journal-boxeSj 
candle-sticks, compass- 
boxes, bottles, pots, spit- 
toons, kettles, boxes, tubes, 

etc., 744 " 

boiler tubes, . . . 1,167 " 
Guilding Metal. — For cartridges, 1,074 " 

Yellow Metal. — For sheathing ship- 
bottoms, bolts and 
nails, . . . 1,420 " 

Pinchbeck. — Tea and coffee-pots, 

etc., . . . . 43 " 

The raw materials used were . 

Copper, 7,200 " 

Zinc, 1,780 " 

Tin, 40 " 

All melting and annealing is done with 
gas, which is made principally from peat, but 
also from sawdust, stumps, and sprigs. Before 
it is used the gas is purified from water and 
acids by surface condensation. 



The refuse from the copper is re-refined, 
when it cannot without such process be used for 
making brass. The refuse from the brass is 
melted, after being carefully assorted with regard 
to alloy. 

The exports are : To Finland, sheet and 
manufactured copper ; to France, brass wire, 
there used in the manufacture of artificial flow- 
ers; to England, copper wire. 

For the benefit of the employees, sick and 
burial funds are established. The school in- 
struction is well provided for ; it is conducted 
by three teachers in three separate schools at the 
works, besides which there are A B C-schools on 
the surrounding farms belonging to the estate. 
But besides all this, the workmen assemble two 
evenings during the week and attend lectures in 
natural philosophy, history, geography, etc., and 
get instruction in writing, arithmetic, and draw- 
ing. 



Brass, in bars or pigs, . 

" . in sheets or manufactured, 



CLASS 114. 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 



15 per cent. 
35 per cent. 



free, 
free. 



42. Skultuna Aktiebolag. The Skultuna 

Co. Lim.j by O. W. Lowenborg, 
Westerns. 



Brazen Hardware. A price-list will be 
found in the office of the Swedish Commission. 
Main Building. (.See Class 112.) 



DEPARTMENT II. 

« 

MANUFACTURES. 



A. — Chemical Manufactures 



CLASS 200, 



Chemical Preparations, not otherwise provided for. 
Acids, boracic, ....... 

" nitric, chemically pure, . 

" " not chemically pure, .... 

" sulphuric, fuming, ...... 

" " others, . . . . . 



43. Aseptin-Amykos Aktiebolaget. Asep- 
tin Amykos Co. Lim.; by Dr. Fr. 
Soderlund. Uppsala. 

Single Aseptin for preserving cooked food, 
soup:, butter, milk, etc. 

Double Aseptin for preserving raw meat. 

Aseptin for preserving corpses from de- 
composition, for anatomical preparations. 

Amykos for the Toilet, valuable on ac- 
count of its destroying and keeping off infusoria; 
it is an excellent mouth wash, and tooth pre- 
server, an excellent cosmetic, and anti-epidemic. 

Concentrated Amykos of far more power- 
ful effects than the former ; it is a very valued 
remedy in all parasitic diseases, ulcerating sores, 
rheumatism, etc., as well for man as beast. 

Prev. aw.: Vienna, 1873 ; Paris, Geogr. 
Congress, 1875, diploma of merit. 

The manufacture of these preparations was 
commenced in 1870, by the inventor, the late 
chemist, Henry Gahn, and the present company 
was formed in 1 87 1. 

The use of the preparations of Henry 
Gahn, as well of the aseptin as of the amykos, 
is based on that circumstance, that, while these 
substances are perfectly harmless to the human 
body, they destroy those organisms of the lowest 
order, infusoria, which not only attack our food 
ana soon destroy it, but also ourselves as well 
living, when favorable conditions present them- 
selves, as after death. 



Import-Duty n 
United States. Sweden 


20 per cent, 
free. 




5 per cent 
free. 


10 per cent, 
free. 




free, 
free. 


1 ct. pr. lb. 
free. 




ore pr. lb 
ore pr. lb 



Price-list of the Aseptin-Amykos manufac- 
turing Company : 

Single- and Double- Aseptin, $0.28, gold, prpack. 
Preparation- Aseptin, . 0.42, " " jar. 
Toilet-Amykos, . . 0.28, " " bot'l. 

Concentrated Amykos, . 0.56, " " I litre 

« . 0.37, « " y 2 " 

" " . 0.23, " " % " 

Single- and Double Aseptin are also sold 
in bulk, the former at #0.46, gold, per lb., the 
latter at $0.43 per lb., all net price, when at least 
10 lbs. are ordered at once. 

The Amykos is also sold by the kanna 
(=o.58gallon), the Toilet-Amykos, at $0.55, gold, 
per kanna, and the Concentrated Amykos at 
$0.83 gold per kanna, all net price, when at least 
10 kannor are ordered at once. 

44. Bengtsson, B. Ostra Torp, Trelle- 
borg. 

Calcinated Glauber's salt. 
Calcinated soda. 
Hydrochloric acid. 

45. Eurenius &. Svalander. Stockholm. 
Chemicals. 

Factory established in 1875. 

Raw materials are sulphates from the neigh- 
boring nitric acid factories, pyrites, refuse from 
mineral water factories, witherite, etc. 

The pure acids are obtained by double dis- 
tillation of the raw acids. 

There are 3 men employed in the factory 
who receive from 55 to 70 cts. per day, and in 
case of sickness free medical attendance. 



Chemical Manufactures. 



23 



46. Friestedt, A. W. Stockholm. 

A case with flasks, containing samples of 
various preparations of bone and wood. 

Prev. aw. : London, 1862, bronze medal } 
Stockholm, 1866, bronze medal ; Stockholm 
1868, silver medal; Paris, 1867, diploma of 
merit; Goteborg, 1 87 1, bronze medal ; Moscow, 
1872, gold medal ; Copenhagen, 1872, bronze 
medal ; Vienna, 1873, diploma of merit. 

47. Gullbergs Aktiebolag. Gullberg Co., 
Lim. j by Th. Gullberg,. Goteborg. 

Sulphuric Acid, several kinds, in glass 
bottles. 

Fertilizers in glass jars. 

Prev. aw.: Vienna, 1873, medal of pro- 
gress; Uddevalla, 1874, silver medal. 

Agencies in Stockholm, Norrkoping, Mal- 
mo, Helsingborg, and Kristiania. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1868, 
by Mr. Theodor Gullberg, the present manager 
of the company. 

From 40 to 45 men are employed. 



The power required is supplied by three 
steam engines of together 32 H. P. 

The production during 1 874 consisted of: 

Sulphuric acids, . . . 70,000 cwt. 

Superphosphates, . . . 65,000 " 

The prices of these manufactures are accord- 
ing to strength and percentage. 

The value of the manufactures depends on 
j the raw material used. 

The increase in the value of the annual 
production has been about 12 per cent, during 
the last years. 

The raw materials in 1874, consisted of: 

Pyrites, ..... 45,000 cwt. 
Soda-saltpetre, . . . 1,000 " 

Raw material for superphosphates, 30,000 " 

The refuse, glaubersalt, is manufactured 
into soda. 

The taxes are about $410 in gold per an- 
num. 

The acids are exported to Norway and 
Finland. 



CLASS 201. 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 



Candles, stearine and adamantine, 
" paraffine, . 

" spermaceti and wax, 

" all others, 

Soaps, of toilet or shaving, 

" soft, 

" others, . 
Oils, animal n. o. p. f., 



5 cts. per lb. 


5 ore per ] 


8 cts. 


5 ore 


8 cts. 


3 ore 


2yi cts. " 


3 ore " 


10 cts. pr. lb. ^ 
and 25 pr. ct. j 


12 ore " 


1 ct. per lb. ) 
and 30 per ct. J 


3 ore 


1 ct. per lb. ") 
and 30 pr. ct. J 


5 ore 


20 per ct. 


2 ore " 



48. Liljeholmens Stearin Fabriks Aktie- 
bolag. Liljeholmen Stearine Man- 
ufacturing Co., Lim. Stockholm. 

Stearine-candles, stearine, oleine, and 
glycerine. 

Prev. aw.: At all larger exhibitions since 
1851. 

The manufactory was established about 1 838. 

In the manufactory are employed 65 men, 
and 65 women. 

The power required is supplied by steam- 
engines of about 20 H. P. 



The production during 1874, consisted of: 
Stearine candles, . . . 18,500 cwt. 

Oleine, 6,200 " 

Glycerine, .... 75° " 

with an aggregate value of $420,000, gold. 

The increase in the production during the 
last 20 years has been from 5 to 10 per cent, or 
more per annum. 

The government taxes in 1874, were $222 
in gold, and the community taxes #103 in gold. 

The raw material consisted principally of 
oxen-tallow, in 1874, about 28,000 cwt. 



24 



Chemical Manufactures. 



The only thing peculiar in the production 
is the treatment of the wicks. 

The refuse consists of 750 cwt. of stearine 
pitch, principally used in the manufacture of gas. 

A small part of the production is exported 
to Norway. 

The workmen are provided with free dwel- 
lings, by the owners of the manufactory. 

The business of the company is transacted 
by L. J. Hjerta, Stockholm. 

49. Sjoberg, A. P. Malmo. 
Grease for car- wheels and engines. 
Prev. aw. : Malmo, 1875, bronze medal. 

50. Werner, Carl Oscar. Stockholm. 
Chronometer Bone-oil. 

Free from acids, does not dry nor oxodize, 
protects from rust, and is free from stearine. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1874, 
after 7 years of experiments and observations. 

The production during 1874, was 225 lbs. 
of chronometer-oil at $42 gold per lb. At whole- 
sale 20 per cent, discount. 



The refuse consists of bones, hoofs, etc. 
Exports only to St. Petersburg, Russia. 
Certificate. 
Laboratory of the Technological "} 
Institute, I 

St. Petersburg, Dec. 12th, 1874. J 
The samples of bone-oil I and 2 produced 
by Mr. Werner, have been analyzed in the 
Laboratory of the Technological Institute, with 
the following results : 

Bone-oil No. I, is transparent and colorless 
has a Sp. Gr, 0.901 ; solidifies at — 5°C; its flu- 
idity compared with that of water is 0.09; it 
contains no adulterations, no mineral acids^ or 
other chemical reagents. 

This bone-oil is well adapted as a lubricant 
for even the most delicate mechanism, as it does 
not become pitchy or oxidize, and effectually pro 
tects the apparatus from rust. 

Bone-oil No. 2, is transparent of a yellow 
ish color, has a Sp. Gr. 0.909 ; solidifies at — 3.5 
C; is of the same purity as No. I, and as a lubri- 
cant is applicable to all machines, clocks and 
chronometers excepted, for which purpose No. 1 
is expressly manufactured. 
Signed, 

Professor Wileschinsky, 
Director of the Technological Laboratory. 



CLASS 202. 



Ink, Indian, . 

" others, .... 

Varnishes, valued at $1.50, or less, per galL 
" valued higher, 



(8 lbs. to a gallon). 



Import-Duty in 
United States. 
35 per cent. 
35 per cent 



f 50 cts. pr. gal. -) 
\ and 20 pr. ct. J 
? 50 cts. pr. gal. ) 
\ and 25 pr. ct. f 



Sweden, 
free. 
5 ore pr. lb. 

10 ore " 



10 ore 



51. Ekman, C. L. Stockholm. 

India and writing-ink, the former article, 
intended for artists and draughtsmen, does not 
decompose on exposure to the air ; the latter re- 
mains unaltered by the influence of light or 
chemical reagents, and does not corrode the 
steel pen. 



52. 



53. 



54. 



Gullberg's Aktiebolag. Goteborg. 
Ink. (See CI. 200.) 
Specimens of dyed materials. 

Lundgren, P. W. Stockholm. 
Copying ink. 

Strandberg, Fr. A. Jonkoping. 
Ink, Varnishes. 



CLASS 



Perfumery, alcoholic, 

" containing no alcohol, 



203. 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

I $3 P er g aI - 
\ and 50 pr. ct. 
50 pr. ct. 4 ore 



40 ore pr. lb. 



55. Aseptin Amykos Aktiebolaget. Asep- 
tin Amykos Co., Lim.j by Dr. Fr. 
Soderlund. Uppsala. 
Amykos, for the toilet. (See CI. 200.) 



56. Granholm, J. P. Stockholm. 
Rectified amykos. 

57. Pauli, F. Jonkoping and Stockholm. 
Perfumery and toilet soaps. 






Chemical Manufactures. 



25 



Prev. aw.: Goteborg, i860; London, 1862; 
Stockholm, 1866; Copenhagen, 1872. 

Branch manufactory in Stockholm. 

The manufacture was commenced in J5n- 
koping i84i.n1 Stockholm 1876. 

The power required is supplied by a steam- 
engine of 8 H. P. 

In 1864 the production had a value of 
$13,800 gold, in 1874 this had increased to $56,- 
000 gold. 

The government taxes on'this later sum were 
#5° g°ld, and the community taxes $250 gold 



In the manufacture of perfumes and toilet- 
soaps, are applied the newest processes and ma- 
chinery used in the most prominent perfume- 
manufactories of France and England. 

The exports go to Finland and Norway. 

This manufactory, established in 1 84 1, was 
the first in Sweden to manufacture perfumery on 
a large scale. In the preparation of extracts the 
exhibitor is at present the only one in the coun- 
try applying the processes and apparatus used at 
the factories in the south of France — Grasse, 
Canne, Nice and others. 



CLASS 204. 



Matches, 



Import- Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

35 pr. ct. 2 ore pr. lb. 



58. Uddevalla Tandsticksfabriks Aktie- 
bolag. Uddevalla Match Manu- 

facturiiig Co., Lim. Uddevalla. 

Matches. 

59. Aktiebolaget Nya Tandsticksfabriken. 

New Match Manufacturing Co. 
Lim. Stockholm. 

Safety-matches. 

Prev. aw.: Moscow, 1872, silver medal; 
Vienna, 1 873, diploma of honor. 

Agencies in London, Hamburg, Danzic, 
and Barcelona. 

The factory was established 1870, and gives 
employment to 130 working people, of both sexes, 
about one-fourth of which being 14 to 20 years 
of age. The power is supplied by a 15 H. P. 
steam-engine. 

60. Blombacka Aktiebolag. Blombacka 
Co. Lim. Molkom. 

Matches. 

Company formed 1873, employs 12 men, 
10 women, 7 boys and 20 girls. All are paid by 
piece work. Engine worked by means of a tur- 
bine wheel, with a capacity of 20 H". P. 

Most of the manufactured products are 
shipped to England, smaller quantities to Finland, 
Russia, Germany and China. 

61. Bode, Patrik, for Gnesta Match Fac- 
tory. Stockholm. 



Paraffined, safety matches, veneer, for 
match-boxes and splinters, intended for foreign 
match manufactories, in want of suitable wood. 

Agencies in London, Berlin, Kristiana, and 
Helsingfors. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1 8 73. 

The employees at the factory consist of 
manager, foreman, and book-keeper, 15 work- 
men, 17 women, and 20 children, under 15 years 
of age. Besides these, women and children of 
the neighborhood are employed in making match- 
boxes, at their homes, as is also the case with the 
prisoners, of two country prisons. All the work 
at the factory is done by the job, and the average 
earnings have been, for men $0.85 gold, women 
$0.28, and children $0.14 gold, per day. 

The power required is supplied by a porta- 
ble steam-engine, of 4 H. P. 

The products are exported to Norway, Den- 
mark, Finland, Russia, Germany, and England, 
to which latter country, nearly the whole produc- 
tion is shipped. 

62. Holmberg, Eric. Sodertelje. 

Safety-matches, in wooden and paper 
boxes. 

Prev. aw.: Moscow, 1872, bronze medal. 

Branches in Stockholm and Uppsala for 
manufacture of boxes. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1872. 

In the manufacture are employed 13 men, 
14 women, 20 boys, 15 girls, and, outside of the 



26 



Chemical Manufactures. 



factory, 20 to 30 persons in Sodertelje, and about 
80 prisoners in the prisons of Stockholm and 
Uppsala. 

The yearly production is about nine million 
boxes of matches, with a value of about $33,300 
gold, for which the taxes are about $70 gold per 
annum. 

The raw material for matches and boxes are 
30,000 cubic feet of aspenwood, besides chemi- 
cals. 

Nearly the whole production is exported to 
Hamburg. 

To a savings fund for monthly deposits in 
savings-bank of Sodertelje, the operatives make 
weekly contributions of 10 per cent of their wages. 

63. Jonkopings Tandsticksfabriks Aktie- 
b o I a g . J'onkdfiing Match Manufac- 
turing Co., Lim. Jonkoping. 

Safety-matches. 

64. P. E. Kreuger & Jennings; by Eric 
Kreuger. Fredriksdahl, Kalmar. 

Safety-matches. 

Prev. aw.: Kalmar, 1870, first prize. Has 
not participated in any other exhibition. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1867. 

In the manufactory are employed 50 men, 
with wages from $0.40 to $0.85 gold, per day; 
150 women, with wages from $0.20 to $0.40 gold, 
per day, and 100 boys and girls, with wages from 
$0.15 to $0.35 gold, per day. 

The power required is supplied by a steam- 
engine of 8 H. P. 

Safety-matches in boxes are sold, delivered 
on board of vessel, in Kalmar, in cases contain- 
ing 7,200 boxes, at $3.61, gold, per thousand 
boxes. Safety-matches in capsules, are sold in 
whole cases of 10.000 capsules, at $2.78, gold, 
per thousand. 

The raw materials used in the manufacture 
are : 



Aspenwood, 


40,000 cub. ft. 


Pine boards, . 


. 504,000 sq. feet. 


Chlorate of Potash, 


250 cwt. 


Paraffme, 


35° " 


Glue, . 


450 " 


Gum Arabic, . 


200 " 


Amorphous Phosphorus, 


20 " 


Umbre, ... 


20 " 


Pulverized manganite, 


30 « 


Dextrin (potato), . 


10 " 


Nitrate of Lead, 


3 " 


Hyposulphite of Soda, . 


3 " 


Blue paper, 


1,000 reams. 


arton paper, etc., . 


600 " 



The steam-engine is supplied with fuel,. 
almost exclusively from the refuse ot the aspen- 
wood. 

The exports, which principally go to South 
America, India, China, Germany, England, and 
other countries, are about 2,000 cases, of 50 gross, 
per annum. 

The workmen have established a savings- 
bank, to which the proprietor of the manufactory 
has given $70, gold, as a reserve fund. 

65. Korner, Ferd., for Ellbo- Goteborg 
Match Factory. Goteborg. 

Matches. 

Prev. aw.: Paris, 1867, great prize medal ; 
Moscow, 1872, medal, Vienna, 1873, medal of 
merit. 

Price per gross, 

Tandstickor, (matches) free London, 

white boxes "> in cases a 50 I s. 6 d. 
blue boxes ] gross. 1 s. 9^ d. 

Favorite Tandstickor, 

made especially for damp cli- 
mates, will keep any length 
of time, in cases a 50 gross, I s. 7 d. 

Elephant Paraffme Matches (Eng- 
lish shape) in cases a 20 gross 2 s. 6 d. 

Ellbo Paraffme Matches (Swedish 

shape) in cases a 50 gross 2 s. o. d. 

Goteborg Kali Tandstickor (safety 

matches) in cases a 50 gross 2 s. 2 d. 

Universal Safety Matches ( Eng- 
lish shape) in cases a 25 gross 4 s. o. d. 

66. Lindahl, J. F. Kalmar. 
Safety matches. 

Prev. aw.: Vienna, 1873, medal of merit. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1865. 

In the manufactory are employed 25 men, 
50 women, 15 boys and 25 girls. 

The power required is supplied by a steam 
engine of 8 H. P. 

The price of matches is 13 Kr. (#3.61 
gold) per 1,000 small boxes, and 3 Kr. ($0.83 
gold) per gross of large boxes. 

The raw materials used are, at least 30,000 
cubic feet of aspenwood and sundry chemicals. 

The steam-boiler is heated with the refuse 
from the aspenwood. 

The whole production is exported to Ger- 
many, England and all trans-atlantic countries. 

The operatives have established a savings- 
fund among themselves. 



Chemical Manufactures. 



27 



67. Lovers Fabriks Aktiebolag. Lover 
Manufacturing Co., Li in. Wax- 
torp, Kalmar. 
Paraffined safety matches, without phos- 
phorus, in boxes. 

Phosphorus matches, in boxes and cap- 
sules. 

Aspen wood, aspen veneer, as well for 
boxes as for matches. 

Prev. aw. : Kalmar Agricultural Society 
diploma of merit. 

Agencies in Hamburg and London. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1874. 

In the manufactory are employed 16 men, 
12 women, 40 boys, and 80 girls, which number 
of employees will soon be doubled. 

The power required is supplied by water 
engines. 

In the manufacture are annually used : 
Aspen wood, 10,000 cubic feet; paper, 1,000 
reams ; and sundry chemicals, 200 cwt. 

The largest part of the production is ex- 
ported to Hamburg and London. 

For export the paraffined safety matches 
are packed in chests containing 50 gross of boxes 
in 6 zinc cases, each containing 6]/^ gross. In 
chests containing 50 gross of boxes in one zinc 
box. 

68. Norrkopings Tandsticksfabriks Aktie- 
bolag. Norrkoping Match Manu- 
facturing Co., Lim. Norrkoping. 

Impregnated safety matches. Particu- 
lar attention is called to the impregnated safety 
matches, which have that advantage over the 
common ones, that they do not glow after being 
blown out, and that the composition, after being 
burned out, does not drop off, but that the match 
after combustion gives quite a strong piece of 
charcoal as a residue. 

Prev. aw.: Moscow, 1872, large silver 
medal; Linkoping, 1873, silver medal by the 
Agricultural Society Ostergotland; Vienna, 1873, 
diploma of merit. 

Agencies in Hamburg, Paris, Amsterdam, 
Antwerp, and St. Petersburg. 

The manufacture of common safety matches 
was commenced in 1 870, that of impregnated 
matches in 1872. 



In the manufactory are employed : 
35 men, ... at $0.46 gold per day. 
70 women, . . .at 0.28 " 

!4boys, 1 d i5vearsofage,o.i9 " 
I7girls,/ 3J 

Women and girls mostly have job work 
whereby their earnings vary from $0.15 to $0.55 
gold per day. 

The power required is supplied by a steam- 
engine of 1 6 H. P. 

The production at present is about 80,000 
boxes of matches per day, giving 24,000,000 
boxes per annum, valued at $90,000 gold. The 
net price for the common safety match is 13 
Kr. (=#3.61 gold) per 1,000 boxes, and for the 
impregnated safety matches 14.50 Kr. (=$14.03 
gold) per 1,000. 

The following tabular statement shows the 
value of the yearly production since the factory 
was established : 



In 1870 its value was 


• $ 5>5°°g° ld - 


« 1871 " 


23,900 " 


" 1872 " 


35,000 " 


" 1873 " " . 


43,000 "■ 


<< 1874 " 


32,500 " 



The peculiar treatment of the matches by 
the manufacture is the above mentioned impreg- 
nation, by which their quality is generally im- 
proved. The refuse from the aspen wood is used 
for fuel. 

The largest part of the manufacture is ex- 
ported by way of Hamburg to China and South 
America, part of it also to Germany and Russia. 

For the benefit of the workmen a sick-fund 
is established, to which they pay a part of their 
weekly earnings, and from which they, in case of 
sickness or death, receive assistance. 

69. Strengnas Tandsticksfabriks Aktie- 
bolag. Strengnas Match Manufac- 
turing Co., Lim. Strengnas. 

Safety matches, which can be lighted only 
by rubbing against the tables on the sides of the 
match box. 

Agency in Stockholm. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1874. 

In the manufactory are employed 12 per- 
sons at $0.55 gold per day, 60 persons at $0.35 
per day, and 10 persons at $0.28 per day. 

The power required is supplied by a steam 
engine of 10 H. P. 

The value of the production during 1874 
was $60,000. 



Chemical Manufactures. 



The refuse is used as fuel for the steam- 
boiler. 

The workmen have formed a society of ioo 
members, intended to give help to members in 
case of sickness, during which they receive $2.00 
gold per week, during three months if necessary. 

70. Tandsticksfabriks Aktiebolaget Phoe- 
nix. Phcenix Match. Manufacturing 
Co. , Lim.; by A. C. Holm. Malmo. 
Phosphorus and safety matches, in 
boxes. 

Agencies in London, Hamburg, Vienna, 
and several other cities in Europe. 

The manufactory commenced operation in 

1874- 

In the manufactory are employed : 

42 men, wages by piece- 
work, . . $0.50 to 0.85, gold, per day. 
30 women, . 0.40100.50, " " 

2 5 b °y s 'l . . 0.25 to 0.35, " - 

40 girls, / •> ost , 

besides those employed in the manufacture of 
boxes, which is done at home. The consump- 
tion of boxes at present, is about 50,000 per week. 

The power required is supplied by a steam- 
engine of 25 H. P. 

At wholesale of the phosphorus and safety 
matches, 10 per cent, discount is allowed. 

The refuse, from the box and splinter 
making, is employed as fuel for the steam-boiler. 
The ashes are used partly for the manufacture of 
poudrette, and partly for fillings. 

The phosphorus and safety matches are ex- 
ported to most European countries, South Amer- 
ica, Cape Town, Java, and China. 

71. Tandsticksfabriks Aktiebolaget Vul- 

can. Vulcan Match Manufacturing 
Co., Lim. Goteborg. 
Matches. 

72. Westerviks Tandsticksfabrik. We- 
stervik Match Factory; by Al^ot 
Lagerquist. Westervik. 

Safety matches. 

Prev. aw.: Moscow, 1872, (medal) ; Vien- 
na, 1873, diploma of merit. 

Agencies in Hamburg : Domnicks & Co. 

In the factory are employed 160 men and 
women and 121 children. A steam-engine of 
12 H. P's capacity. 



The average value of. the annual produc- 
tion has amounted to $30,000, and nearly the 
whole of said has been shipped via Hamburg to 
China and South America. 

The government taxes are $28, and the 
community taxes $37 per annum. A fund for 
the benefit of the sick is established among the 
working men. 

73. Wisby Tandsticksfabriks Aktiebolag. 

Wis by Match Manufacturing Co., 

Lim. Wisby. 

Safety matches, in boxes. 

Prev. aw.: Gottland's Agricultural Society, 
1875. 

Agents in Amsterdam, Berlin, Cologne, 
London, Hamburg, Riga, St. Petersburg, Singa- 
pore and Stockholm. 

The factory has a steam engine of 16 H. 
P., and employs a foreman, book-keeper, 12 men, 
20 women, 40 girls, 36 boys, and 300 hands en- 
gaged outside. 

The materials used are Aspen and Fir- 
wood, Chemicals, Zinc, etc., to an annual value 
of $16,700 gold. 

The average production is from 10 to 15 
million of boxes per annum. 

The machines are of the latest and most 
improved construction. The refuse is sold for 
wood pulp. 

As taxes to the government is paid I per 
cent, and to the community 4 per cent, of the 
annual income. 

The whole production goes via London, 
Hamburg and Amsterdam, all over the world. 

Commission 3 per cent. Order to be sent 
to Mr. R. Ludwig, in Stockholm. 

A savings-bank is founded -for the benefit 
of the work-people, and a fund for the sick is to 
be formed. 

74. Ystads Tandsticksfabriks Aktiebolag. 

Ystad Match Manufacturing Co., 
Lim.; by W. & T. Peterson, Ystad. 
Safety matches. 

Prev. aw.: Vienna, 1873, diploma of merit. 
The manufacture was commenced in 1 87 1. 






Ceramics, Pottery, Porcelain, Etc. 



29 



Tn the manufactory are employed 



per day. 



I Foreman, with a salary of $700 gold pr. annum. 

I Bookkeeper, " " 275 

I Engineer, " " 195 

23 Work men, with wages of 0.70 

10 " " " 0.42 

16 " " " 0.21 

36 " " " 0.14 to 0.35 per day. 

The power required is supplied by a steam- 
engine of 10 H. P. 



The annual production in value amounts 
to about $55,600, gold. 

The refuse is used as fuel for the boiler. 

The entire production is exported to Eng- 
land, Germany, Austria, Denmark, Spain, North 
and South America. 

For the benefit of the workmen, a savings- 
fund has been established, which fund, at the end 
of the year, is distributed among them. 



B. — Ceramics, Pottery, Porcelain, Etc. 



Statues of Terra cotta in bas-relief, . . ... 

Earthen and Stone-wares, to wit : brown earthen and common stone-ware, not 
ornamented, . . - 

China, Porcelain, and Parian-ware, gilded, ornamented, or decorated, 
" " " " plain white, . . 

All other earthen and stone-ware or crockery-ware, n. o. p. f., white, glazed, 
etched, printed, painted, dipped or cream colored, composed of earthy or 
mineral substances, . . . . . ' . 



Stone-ware and faience, white or one-colored, not painted: 

(a.) plates, 

(&.) other articles, 
" " " painted or printed : 

(a.) plates, 

{£>.) other articles, 
Porcelain and parian, white or one-colored, 

" " " gilded or with painted figures or flowers, 

Crockery-ware, n. o. p. f., and terra-cotta, 
Tiles and bricks, all kinds, .... 



Import- Duty in 

United States. 

40 per cent. 

25 per cent. 
50 per cent. 
45 per cent. 



40 per cent. 

Import-Duty in 
Sweden. 



per lb. 



3 ore. 
5 " 



10 
20 

3 
free. 



CLASS 206. 



75. Gustafsbergs Fabriks Intressenter. 

Shareholders in Gustafsberg 's Man- 
ufactory. Stockholm. 
Terra-cotta. and architectural pottery. 
(See CI. 210.) 

76. Hefsingborgs Jern och Lerkarlsfabriks 



Aktiebolag. Helsingborg Iron and 
Stone-ware Manufacturing Co. , 
Lim. Helsingborg. 
Terra-cotta. 
, Saltglazed stone jars, measuring from 
6 Kannor (600 cubic inches), down to -Jg- 
Kanna (6.25 cubic inches.) 



CLASS 207. 



77. Hoganas Stenkolsverks Bolag. Hoganas Coal Mining Co. Hoganas. 
Fire-clay goods. (See CI. 101.) 



3° 



Ceramics, Pottery, Porcelain, Etc. 



CLASS 210. 



78. HoganasStenkolsverksBolag. H'oga- 
nas Coal Mining Co. Hoganas. 
Tiles for flagging. (See CI. ioi). 

79. Gustafsbergs Fabriks Intressenter. 

Shareholders in Gustafsberg Man- 
ufactory ; by W '. Odelberg. Stock- 
holm. 

(Terra-cotta and architectural pottery. 
— See CI. 206). 

Faience. 

(Biscuit-ware and Parian. — See CI. 212). 

(Porcelain and argentine. — See CI. 213). 

(Table china.— See CI. 218). 

(Majolica. — See CI. 211). 

Prev. aw.: Malmo, 1865, silver medal; 
Stockholm, 1866, silver medal; Paris, 1867, silver 
medal, with honorable mention ; Moscow, 1872, 
gold medal; Copenhagen, 1872, silver medal; 
Vienna, 1873, medal of merit. 

The factory was established in 1826. The 
workmen, numbering about 400 in all depart- 
ments, are paid by the piece, the size and char- 
acter of the piece determining the price. 

A discount of 30 per cent, is allowed at 
wholesale. 

In 1875 the business of the company 
amounted to nearly $300,000 gold. 

The principal export is to Norway, while 
but small quantities are sent to England, Ger- 
many, France and Russia. 

For the benefit of the workmen have been 
established a sick and burial-fund, with a capital 
of over $1,660 gold, to which the participants 
make monthly contributions ; a poor-fund, to 
which 15 per cent, of the earnings of the labor- 
ers is contributed, and out of which a physician 
is paid, medicines purchased, two schools sup- 
ported, and orphan children and such as are 
unable to work, receive aid ; a co-operative soci- 
ety is formed by the employees, with a capital 
stock of $2,800 gold. 

A savings bank, reading room, and library 
with over 500 vols., are also established at the 
works. 

80. Rorstrands Aktiebolag. Rorstrand 
Co., Lim. Stockholm. 

(Feldspar. — See CI. 104.) 



Faience, plain and decorated. 

(Majolica and pallissy. — See CI. 211). 

(Biscuit-ware and parian. — See CI. 212). 

(China, plain and decorated. — See CI. 213). 

(Table-sets. — See CI. 213), 

(Stoves. — See CI. 222). 

Prev. aw.: Malmo, 1865, silver medal ; 
Stockholm, 1866, silver medal; Paris, 1867, 2 
bronze medals ; at this exhibition the articles ex- 
hibited by the company were termed by the jury 
" superior products;" Vienna, 1873, medal of 
progress. 

The factory at Rorstrand was established 
1726. A branch manufactory was established in 
in 1874, at Arabia, Helsingfors, Finland. 

In the factories are employed : 293 men, 
161 women, 56 boys, and 29 girls under 15 
years of age ; together 539 employees. 

The power required for the manufacture is sup- 
plied by one steam-engine of 90 H. P., and one 
of 15 H. P. 

The production during 1855, amounted to 
$88,900 gold; during 1865, to $135,000 gold; 
and during 1875, to $375,000 gold, for which 
latter production the government taxes were $310 
gold, and community taxes $1,886 gold. At 
wholesale 10 to 35 per cent, discount is allowed. 

In 1874, the production consisted of: 
Faiance, plain, to the value of $115,830 gold. 
" 159,720 " 



" decorated, 
China, plain, 

" decorated, 
Damaged articles, 
Plaster of Paris, 
Feldspar, 



14,330 « 
13,580 << 
12,940 " 
4,170 « 
weight, 25,000 cwt. 



The raw materials for this production are : 
Gypsum, quartz, feldspar, kaolin and other clays, 
together about 120,000 cwt. 

The refuse consists of broken gypsum 
forms, used as fertilizers, and broken capsules, 
from which fire proof bricks are made. 

For the benefit of the operatives are estab- 
lished : 

I. Two sick and burial-funds, to which the 
operatives pay a monthly fee, and to which the 
company besides gives an amount, corresponding 
to 25 per cent, of the contributions made by its 
employees. 



Glass and Glassware. 



3 1 



2°. A primary school for forty children, 
for which the company provides the room, and 
pays the teacher. 

3°. A Sunday-school for forty boys under 
15 years of age, employed in the factory, the 



teacher being paid by the company. Free medi- 
cal attendance ; circulating library ; temperance 
restaurant; grocery and provision store. 
4°. Bath-house. 



CLASS 211. 
81. Rostrands Aktiebolag. (See CI. 210). Majolica and palissy-ware. 

CLASS 212. 



82. Gustafsbergs Fabriks Intressenter. I 83. Rorstrands Aktiebolag. (See CI. 210). 



(See CI. 210). 
Biscuit-ware and parian. 



Biscuit-ware and parian. 



CLASS 213. 



84. Gustafsbergs Fabriks Intressenter. 

Porcelain and argentine.* (See CI. 210). 



85. Rorstrands Aktiebolag. 

China, plain and decorated. (See CI. 210). 



C. — Glass and Glassware. 



Glass-ware, cut, engraved, painted, colored, printed, stained, silvered or gilded, 
" plain, mould or press, n. o. p. f., . 



Glass-ware, plain, and druggist's glass jars with printed signatures, . 
" cut, engraved, etc., ..... 

" chemical, ...... 



Import-Duty in 
United States.. 

40 per cent. 

35 per cent. 

Import-Duty in 
Sweden. 



per lb. 



36re. 

15 " 
free. 



CLASS 213. 



86. Brusewitz, Fred. Limmared. 

Glass for different purposes, such as 
house utensils, chemical and pharmaceutical 
glassware, preserving and packing vessels, 
and different kinds of plain, cut or otherwise. 

(Decorated glass. — See CI. 216). 

A price-list is to be had at the office of the 
commission. 

Prev. aw.: London, 1852; Stockholm, 



1866; Paris, 1867; Moscow, 1872; Vienna, 
1873, besides at several exhibitions in Sweden. 

Branch manufactories at Bollsjo and Stroms- 
forss. The manufacture was commenced at 
Limmared, in 1748, at Bollsjo, in 1 568, at 
Stromsforss, in 1 87 1. 

In these factories are employed 4 men with 
wages over $550, gold, per annum, 40 men with 
wages from $275 to $550, gold, per annum, 10 



*The argentine or silver-plated china was invented by Mr 
engages to establish works for the manufacturing of argentine 



. Eilev Hansen, Engineer at the Gustafsberg Factory, who 
in any part of Europe or America. 



32 Furniture and Objects of General Use in Construciton and Dwellings. 



women and 54 younger workmen with varying 
wages. 

The necessary power is supplied by a 
steam engine of 15 H. P., and water engines of 
35 H. P. 

The value of the production in 1864, 
amounted to $37,500, gold; in 1874, to $80,500, 
gold, the government taxes on this production 
were $555, gold, and the community taxes $277, 
gold. 

The raw materials used for this manufacture 
in 1874, were 6,000 cords of wood, 600,000 lbs. 
fire-proof clay, 75,000 lbs. quartz, 220,000 lbs. 
alkalies, 140,000 lbs. lime, 3,000 1 s. saltpetre, 
100 lbs. smalt, and 1,500 lbs. manganite. 

The refuse at Limmared is manufactured 
into inferior glass, at Bollsjo and Stromforss. 

In 1874 small quantities of glassware were 
exported to Belgium, Norway and Denmark. 

For the benefit of the employees, schools, 
reading rooms and bath-houses have been estab- 
lished. 

87. Reymyra Aktiebolag. Reymyra Co, 
Lim. Remyra. 

Glass-ware of 1st and 2nd quality. — See 
CI. 2i6\ 

Prev. aw.: First-class medal in Stock- 
holm, 185 1 ; Malmo, 1665; Copenhagen, 1872; 
Moscow, 1872; honorable meution in Paris, 
1855. 



The works were founded in 1810, and the 
manufacturing commenced in 18 1 2. 

At present 124 men, n women, 77 boys 
and 1 2 girls under 1 5 years of age, are employed. 

The work-people are paid by the piece, and 
the wages average $33,500, gold, per annum. 
Grinding and breaking-machines are worked by 
a stationary steam-engine of 16 H. P., and the 
preparing of peat for fuel by a portable engine 
of 8 H. P. The materials used are quartz, 
alkalier, lime, arsenic, etc., amounting to a 
weight of 9,000 cwts. per annum. 

All the refuse in some way or other is made 
use of in the manufactory. Furnaces and tools 
are all of the most improved construction. The 
articles manufactured, consist chiefly of house- 
hold utensils, physical and chemical apparatus, 
etc., partly made of first, partly of second crys- 
tal ; the former surpassing the latter in transpa- 
rency, refraction of light and intensity of sound. 
The value of the manufactured wares for the 
business years 1874-75 was $116,700, gold, being 
$65,000, gold, more than that of 1869-70. At 
wholesale, the prices are reduced by five to twenty 
per cent. The government taxes amount to $507, 
gold, and the community taxes to $578, gold. 

During the last years the exports to Nor- 
way, Denmark and Russia, were valued at $6,000 
to 8,000, gold. 

The company has a church and school of 
its own, and keep a drug store in common with 
the community. There is also a hospital with 
eight beds, and a savings fund, to which the 
workmen contribute five per cent, of their wages. 



CLASS 216. 



88. Brusewitz, Fr. (See CI. 
Decorative glassware. 



215). 



89. Reymyra Aktiebolag. 

Decorative glassware. 



(See CI. 215). 



D. — Furniture and Objects of General Use in Construction and Dwellings. 



CLASS 217, 



House-furniture, Willow-ware and Cabinet- ware, finished, 

" " " not finished, 



House-furniture, of such woods as grow in the country, 

" of such woods as do not grow in the country, massive or 

veneered with, and Gilded Furniture, ..... 
(If upholstered, but without cover, no additional duty to this rate ; if up- 
holstered and dressed with cover, 20 per cent, additional duty is added.) 
Willow-ware and baskets of course material, .... 

" " others, ...... 



Import-Duty in 
United States. 

35 per cent. 

30 per cent. 
Import-Duty in 

Sweden, 
per lb. 3 ore. 



25 






Furniture and Objects of General Use in Construction and Dwellings. 33 



90. Backman, J. F. Stockholm. 

Fire and burglar-proof safes, made of 
Swedish material ; the spaces between the walls 
are filled with alum, sawdust and chalk. 

Prev. aw.: London, 1862, medal of honor ; 
Stockholm, 1868, 1st prize ; Copenhagen, 1872, 
diploma; Wien, 1873, medal of progress. 

The factory was established in 1 854, and 
gives employment to 30 persons. 

91. Clarberg, F. A. Stockholm. 
Jewelry case. 

92. Glomsta Fabriks Bolag. Glomsta 
Manufacturing Co. Huddinge. 

Varnished pine furniture, consisting of 
garden table, sofa, and 4 chairs, which can be 
folded together, and are easily transported ; 
night table, which can be taken apart, and foot 
stool. (See engravings at the end of catalogue). 

Prev. aw.: One silver cup and several 
smaller prizes at the exhibitions of the Agricul- 
tural Society of the Lan of Stockholm ; Uppsala, 
1874, bronze medal. 

The products are at present sold in Stock- 
holm, Norrkoping, and Visby. 

The manufacture was commenced in 187 1, 
and is now about to be extended. 

Women are employed in the varnishing 
department of the factory. All work is paid for 
by the piece. At wholesale a discount of 10 per 
cent, is allowed. 

A small portion of the products is exported 
to Norway, Finland, and Germany. 

For the employees, opportunity for reading 
is given, and during the winter months, lectures 
are given two evenings during the week. 

93. Holm, F. F. W. (^Deaf and Dumb.) 
Stockholm. 

Set of counters, price, $10 gold. 

Writing desk, " 14 " 

Cigar-case, " 12 " 
all inlaid work. 

^ Model of the Gymnastic Hall at Manilla, 
with apparatus. — See CI. 340). 



Prev. aw.: London, 1870; Stockholm, 
1870; Moscow, 1872; Copenhagen, 1872; 
Vienna, 1873; Berlin, 1874. 

94. Lastbom, Sven. Stockholm. 

A corner cabinet of Swedish birchwood, 
veneered on the front part with handsome, waved 
birch-veneer (not from mazer or root-wood,) and 
on the sides with the common smooth kind. 

Prev. aw.: Paris, 1867, honorable mentioi;. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1849. 

The wages of journeymen cabinet-makers, 
at present, are 50 per cent, higher than three 
years ago, or from #4.17 to 57.00 gold per 
week. 

95. Peterson, C. E. Stockholm. 
Table. 

96. Rambach, C. Stockholm. 

Chair in north style, designed by N. M. 
Mandelgren, and made of oak from the Swe- 
dish line-of-battle-ship " Applet," sunk the 5th of 
June, 1676, and partly risen 1870. 

' 97. Rusch, P. 0. Goteborg. 

Japanned furniture, cigar cases. 

98. Sandberg, A. & Cook. Stockholm. 
Walnut writing chair, in renaissance 

style. 

Prev. aw.: Stockholm, 1866, silver medal; 
Paris, 1867, diploma of merit ; Copenhagen, 1872, 
diploma of honor. 

99, Wahlstrom, S. F. Stockholm. 
Products of basket-makers' industry. 

Prev. aw.: Copenhagen, 1872, medal sec- 
ond class; Vienna, 1873, medal of merit. 

The factory, established in 1864, employs 8 
able workmen, who receive, as wages, 33^ per 
cent, of the wholesale price of the fabrics. 
During last year 30,000 lbs. of willows (various 
species of Salix were used. 

100. Osterberg, C. G. Jader, Rskilstuna. 
School furniture. 



CLASS 218. 



Articles of gold, silver, or German-silver, 

" of other metals, gilt and plated, or not, 



Import-Duty in 
United States. 

40 per cent. 

35 " 



34 Furniture and Objects of General Use in Construction and Dwellings. 



Articles of gold, ..... 

" of silver, .... 

" OF OTHER METALS, gilt, silver, or nickel-plated, 

" of alloys, not gilt or plated, 

" of copper, polished, .... 

" OF •' not polished, . 

" OF TIN, painted or japanned, . 

*' of lead OR zinc, painted or japanned, 

" of tin, not painted or japanned, 

" of lead OR zinc, not painted or japanned, 



Import- Duty in 


Sweden. 


per art. 5 ore. 


3 " 


per lb. 30 " 


< 


15 " 


< 


3° " 


< 


*5 •' 


c 


30 " 


' 


15 " 


' 


15 " 


( 


3 " 



101. Brusewitz, Fr. (See CI. 215). 
Table glass. 

102. Guldsmeds Aktiebolag. Goldsmiths' 
Co., Lint.; by Alf. Ambrosius. 
Stockholm. 

One silver drinking cup, in northern 
style, richly chiseled and adorned with medal- 
lions of Carl xiv Johan, Oscar i, Carl xv 
and Oscar ii, designed by Magnus Is^eus the 
architect, the designs being rewarded by the In- 
dustrial Association in Stockholm, the silver- 
smith's work done by A. Bergman, and chiseling 
by Messrs. Lundmark and Malmberg. 

Prev. aw.: Copenhagen, 1872, bronze 
medal ; Bogota, 1874, silver medal. 

The company was established 1870, by 
Messrs. A. Ambrosius, G. Th. Folcker, E. 
Petterson and P. F. Palmgren, and was 
changed to a limited company in 1875, Mr. E. 
Petterson being its general manager. In the 
factory, which has a steam-engine of 6 H. P., 
there are employed 45 men and 30 women, the 
wages of whom, in 1874, amounted to $11,000 



gold. A sick -fund has been established for the 
benefit of the working people ; the support for 
each sick person being $2.20 gold a week, and 
from the same fund $20.83 g°ld are paid for 
their funeral. 

During the last business year, 1,600 lbs. 
work-silver, 170 lbs. fine silver, 0.70 lbs. gold, 
and $5,000 worth of nickel-silver-ware were 
used. The manufactures were silver-ware to the 
value of $30,300 gold, and silver-plated nickel 
silver-ware to the same value, the total, $60,600 
gold, being 150 per cent, more than the value 
of the entire production five years earlier. 
Agents in Norrkoping, Linkoping, Pitea, Umea, 
Hernosand, Gefle, Falun, Uppsala, Westeras, 
Goteborg, Kalmar, Karlskrona, Karlshamn, Ron- 
neby, Malmo, and Wisby. 15— 17 per cent, dis- 
count is granted at wholesale. 

103. Gustafsbergs Fabriks Intressenter. 
Table china. (See CI. 210). 

104. Reymyra Glasbruk. (See CI. 215). 
Table glass. 

105. R6r9trands Aktiebolag. (See CI. 210). 
Table china. 



CLASS 220. 



106. Petterson, C. E. Stockholm. 

Gilt frame with embroidered portrait of 
General Washington. 



Table in renaissance-style, with glass- 
slab, all richly ornamented and gilt. 



CLASS 222. 



Iron stoves and stove-plates, cast, 



Import- Duty in 
United States. Sweden, 

per lb. 1)4. cts - P er lb. 1 ore. 



107. J. &. C. G. Bolinder's Mekaniska Verk- 
Stads Aktiebolag. /. cV C. G. 
Bolinder, Machine Manufacturing 
Co., Li?n. Stockholm. 



Various Heating apparatus. 
(Sawing Machines — CI. 510). 
(Emery wheels — CI. 514). 



Furniture and Objects in General Use in Construction and Dwellings. 35 



Prev. aw.: Stockholm, 1847 and 1851, 
silver medals; London, 1851, bronze medal; 
Paris, 1855. I silver and I bronze medal; Paris, 
1857, gold medal; London, 1861, 2 prize 
medals, Stockholm, 1866, 3 silver medals and 

1 bronze medal ; Paris, 1867, 4 bronze medals; 
Stockholm, 1868, 1 gold and 2 silver medals; 
Copenhagen, 1872,2 silver medals; Vienna, 1873, 
diploma of honor and medal of merit. Altogether 

2 gold medals, 10 silver medals, 7 bronze medals, 

3 other prize medals, and I diploma of honor. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1845. 

In the shops are employed 522 men ; $101,- 
153, gold, were paid them in wages during the 
year 1874. 

One steam engine of 40 H. P., and 3 
steam engines of 16 H. P. each, supply the power 
required for the establishment. 

The production, which in [869 amounted 

to 5181,075, gold, had in 1874, increased to 

$430,106, gold, the annual taxes on this production 

being $474, gold, to the government, and $2,368, 

' gold, to the community. 

The raw materials used for the production 
consisted of cast-iron 50,400 cwt., wrought iron 
5,974 cwt., steel 1,797 cwt., band-iron 396 cwt., 
sheetcopper 315 cwt., refined copper 402 cwt., 
tin 46 cwt., zinc 96 cwt., lead 19 cwt., antimony 
228 lbs., borax 272 lbs., rosin 424 lbs., rolled 
sheet-iron 6,300 lbs., fireproof brick 8,575 pieces, 
fireproof clay 1,200 cubic feet, linseed oil 438 
gallons, red lead 500 lbs., white lead 489 lbs., 
zinc white 15 cwt., machine-oil 1,250 gallons, 
tallow 10 cwt., coke 114,000 lbs., forge coal 
3,200 bbls., steamboat coal ' /; 8oo cwt., charcoal 
320 lasts. 

During last 25 years, cooking-stoves have 
been exported to the Cape of Good Hope. 

The company provides suitable dwellings 
for its employees. 

For the benefit of the workmen, a sick and 
burial fund has been established. 

108. Hedengran, A. F. & Son. Eskilstuna. 

Stove sets. 

109. Eriksson, G. Eskilstuna. 
Brass doors for stoves. 

110. Kallinge Bruk. (See CI. 224.) 
Kitchen utensils of iron and steel-sheet. 

111. MobergsGjuteri och Mekaniska Werk- 

stad. Mob erg s Iron Foundry and 
MacJune Factory. Stockholm. 



(Fire engine with carriage, to be drawn 
by one or two horses, is worked by 20 men, and 
gives 75 gallons of water per minute, throws the 
stream 150 feet from the engine. — See CI. 664). 

Cooking stove with round revolving top. 

In the factory 90 men are employed. 

The power required, is supplied by a steam 
engine of 10 H. P. 

During 1874, were manufactured : 

164 fire engines and 64 cooking stoves, with 
a value of 12,000, gold. Castings to the value 
of $24,000, gold, and sundry other works, to the 
value of $8,200, gold, or altogether $44,700, gold, 
for which $21, gold, were paid in taxes to the 
government, and $100, gold to the community. 

For the benefit of the workmen, a sick and 
burial fund, and a savings fund are established. 

112. Rorstrands Aktiebolag. Stockholm. 
Stoves. (See CI. 210.) 

113. Wiberg, M., P. D. Stockholm. 
Kitchen range. 

114. Wiman&Co. Stockholm. 

Ventilation stoves. 

These stoves of faience, cause a circulation 
of air in the room, store and gradually emit and 
equally distribute the heat and prevent the dis- 
comfort of cold floors. 

115. Akerlinds Aktiebolag. Akerlind Co. 

Limited. Stockholm. 
Stoves. 

116. Elfving, C. E. Stockholm. 

Lamp-wick-cleaner invented and made 
only for home consumption ; is therefore not 
in the market, and not patented. The lamp- 
wick-cleaner consists of an iron or brass cylinder 
with a bottom made fast to it, and provided with 
a loose cover. Outside of a small hole on the 
middle of the cylinder, a conical scraper is 
fastened. With this scraper the burned part of 
the wick is scraped into the cleaner, by turning 
the cylinder around, inside the burner of the 
lamp. 

The lamp-wick-cleaner was first manufac- 
tured in 1 87 1. 

Price : from 7 cents to 28 cents according 
to finish. 



36 Furniture and Objects in General Use in Construction and Dwellings. 



CLASS 224. 



Iron vessels, cast, .... 
Iron hollow-ware, glazed or tinned, . 
Iron frying pans, etc., wrought and tinned, 

" " " " galvanized with metal, . 

Japanned-ware, n. o. p. f., 

117. Kallinge Bruk. Kallinge Manufac- 
tory ; by F. H. Kockum. Ronneby. 

Tin-lined and enamelled, blocked-out, 
and handworked household vessels of iron 
and steel-plates. 

(Wrought and cut nails. See CI. 284.) 

(Galvanized iron vessels. See CI. 291.) 

(Dairy-vessels. See CI. 675.) 

Prev. aw. for vessels : at the industrial ex- 
hibitions in Stockholm, 1866 ; Copenhagen, 1872 ; 
Malmo, 1895 and l8 75; Goteborg, 1871, and 
Mariestad, 1875. For the cut nails: Malmo, 
1865 ; Goteborg, 1871, and the industrial exhibi- 
tion in Copenhagen, 1872. 

(For the wrought nails, as yet, no awards 
have been received, as they have not before been 
exhibited.) 

Agencies in Stockholm, Goteborg, Malmo 
and Kristiana. 

The manufacture of vessels was commenced 
in 1869, of cut-nails in 1856, and of wrought 
iron in 1873. 

In the manufactory are employed 78 men, 29 
women, 48 boys, and 13 girls under 15 years of age. 

The power required is supplied by water- 
engines of the following aggregate capacities : 
For vessels, . . . . . 30 H. P. 
" cut-nails, . . . 35 « 



wrought-nails, 



30 



95 H. P. 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden, 

per lb. \]/ z cts. per lb. I ore. 

" " 3>i " " " 1 " 

" " 35 P er cent. " " 10 " 

" " 2^ cts. " " 10 " 

" " 40 per cent. " " 15 " 

The production during 1874 consisted of 



Vessels, .... 
Cut nails, .... 
Wrought nails, . 

The value of which were : 


2,475 cwt 
12,700 " 
11,000 " 


Vessels, ..... 
Cut nails, .... 
Wrought nails, 


$47,000 gold. 

97,000 " 

5,000 " 


Total, 


$149,700 gold. 



3,300 cwt. 

326 " 

135 " 
30 " 

14,300 " 

71 " 



for which the government taxes were $79, gold, 
and the community taxes $177, gold. 

The raw materials used were : 
For vessels : Iron- and steel-plates 
Iron and iron-wire, 
English tin, . 
Zinc, 
For cut-nails : Band-iron, . 
Brass plates, 
Copper- and zinc-plates, 81 " 
For wrought nails : Band-iron, . 15,000 " 
The refuse cuttings are resmelted. 

The exports go to Norway, Finland, Den- 
mark and Germany. 

For the benefit of the employees are estab- 
lished an evening and primary school, and a sick 
fund. 
118. Kuntze&Co. Eskilstunn. 

Water-filters, refrigerators. 



CLASS 225. 



119. Bolinder's, J. &. C. G. Mekaniska 
Verkstads Aktiebolag. (See Class 222). 
Stove for smoothing Irons. 



120. Lafquist, J. A. Eskilstuna. 
Smoothing irons. 



CLASS 227. 



Timber, hewn, or sawed for buildings, . 

" squared or sided, n. o. p. f., 
Sawed boards, plank, deals and other lumber of hemlock, 

whitewood, sycamore and basswood. 
Alt. other varieties of rough, sawed lumber, 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden, 

free. 



20 per cent. 



pr. c 



ub. ft. I ct. 



$1 pr. 1,000 ft. board meas. 
$5 pr. 1,000 ft. board meas. 



free. 



free, 
free. 



Furniture and Objects of General Use in Construction and Dwellings. 37 



United States. 

Provided, That when lumber of any sort is planed or finished, 
in addition to the rates herein provided, there shall be levied 
and paid for each side so planed or finished, 50 cents per 
1,000 feet: and if planed on one side and tongued and 
grooved, $l per 1,000 feet; and if planed on two sides and 
longued and grooved, $1.50 per 1,000 feet. 
Shingles, ...... 35 cts. pr. 1,000. 

Manufactures of wood, n. o. p. f., . . . 35 per cent. 

Locks of brass or iron, .... 35 per cent. ] 

others, . . . .. . 45 per cent. | 

Hinges and butts of copper. .... 45 per cent. I 

" of brass, . . -35 P er cent. f 

" " ■»< of gold, silver, or German-silver, . 40 per cent. 

" »« " of iron, .... 2]/ 2 cts. pr. lb. J 



Import-Duty in 

Sweden. 



free 

See CI. 2] 



See CI. 218. 



121. Bjork, J. 0. Eskilstuna. 
Hardware of molified iron. 

122. Dickson, James &. Co. Sandarne. 
Specimens of various kinds of plain 

and ornamental carpenters' work. 

Prev. aw.: Goteborg, 1871, silver medal ; 
Copenhagen, 1872, silver medal; Moscow, 1872, 
gold medal; Vienna, 1 873, medal for progress. 

Agents in Stockholm, Duisburg, Antwerp, 
Copenhagen and London. 

In the " mechanical carpenter's work-shop " 
of Sandarne, situated seven miles south of Soder- 
hamn, all sorts of frame -work for houses and 
Interior finish are manufactured. The work- 
shops were built 1 870, the manufacturing partly 
"begun in 1 87 1, and in 1872 the whole factory- 
was in full running order. At present 250 men 
and boys are employed in this factory, which has 
steam engines with a total capacity of 120 H. P. 

During the last business year 575,000 cubic 
feet lumber of various descriptions, were used 
for the manufacturing of 25,000 doors, 6,000,000 
feet of moulding, 3,000,000 feet of planed 
board, etc. , 

The lumber is dried by hot air, in dry- 
ing-rooms capable of containing 235,000 cubic 
feet. 

The value of the whole production in 1874, 
amounted to $139,000 gold, and most of it was 
exported to England, Egypt, Germany and Russia. 

The children of the working-men receive 
their education in schools, which are supported 
by the proprietors. A fund for the poor and 
sick, an association for furnishing provisions at 
cost price, or so-called co-operative society, circu- 
lating library, bath-house and hospital have been 
established for the benefit of the working-men. 



Moreover, the latter have free lodging, full med- 
ical attendance and medicine. A church has 
also been built on the grounds, the company 
paying the minister's salary. 

A special steamboat and railway furnish 
connection with the shipping port at the Baltic. 

123. Essen, H. H. von, Baron. Tidaholm. 
Various frameworks, doors, sashes, 
panels, fences, etc. 

(Iron for turning veneer. See CI. 510). 

(Pair of pruning-shears. See CI. 720). 

Prev. aw.: Goteborg, 1871, 2 silver medals ; 
Mariestad, 1 874, giving employment to 32 men 
and 4 boys. 

In the iron manufactories and nail shops 
14 men and 2 boys are employed. 

The machinery is worked by water power 
of about 90 H. P. 

As materials were used in the factories 
during 1 874, 1,000,000 cubic feet boards and 
160,000 lbs. of iron; the following being the 
fabrics produced during said year : 2,140 dozen 
planks, 5,830 dozen boards, 4,530 dozen mould- 
ings, 1,400 doors, 1,400 bay windows, 1,400 
double bay windows, 600 bay doors, 136,000 
lbs. of locksmith's and other hardware, 23,000 
lbs. of nails. The value of said products 
being : 

Frame-works, . . . gold, $33,300 

Smiths-works, ..." 1,300 

Nails, .... " 1,600 



Total, .... $43,200 

The drying of the timber is effected by 

means of a caloric-engine, which throws a blast 



38 



Yarns and Woven Goods of Vegetable or Mineral Materials. 



of heated air through the drying-room and draws 
it out again when saturated with moisture, in 
this manner the highest possible degree of dry- 
ness is obtained. 

The refuse wood is used for fences, shingles, 
wood-pulp for the paper-rnills, established at the 
same place, and as fuel in the workmen's 
lodgings, and in the just mentioned caloric 



Government taxes, $30 gold ; community 
taxes, $60 gold. 

A savings fund for the workmen is just 
being arranged. 

124. Hedlund, J. Eskilstuna. 
Metal- work for buildings. 

125. Wengstrom, J. 0. Stockholm. 
Manufactured parts of buildings. 



E, Yarns and Woven Goods of Vegetable or Mineral Materials. 



CLASS 228. 



Wire, brass, 
" copper 



iron, not over % inch diameter, not thinner than 
No. 16 W.G., .... 

" over No. 16, not over No. 25 W. G., . 

" over or finer than No. 25 W. G., . 

" over % inch diameter, 
steel, less % in. diam., not less than No. 16 W. G. 

" less or finer than No. 16 W. G., 



Import-Duty in 

United States. Sweden.. 

35 per cent. free. 

45 " free. 

$2pr. 100 lbs. & 15 pr. ct. free. 

#3.50 pr. 100 lbs. & 15 pr. ct. free. 

$4 pr. 100 lbs. & 15 pr. ct. free. 

35 per cent. free. 

2.)/ z cts. pr. lb. & 20 pr. ct. free. 

3 cts. pr. lb. & 20 pr. ct. free. 



126. Anderson, J. Kjardingagarde, 
Gnosjo. 
Brass netting. 
Tinned iron wire netting. 
Plain iron wire netting. 
Fine iron wire. 
Brass rings. 



Cow bell. Sheep bells. 

Prev. aw.: Mariestad, 1874, bronze medal. 

During the last few years the annual value 
of the production has amounted to about $5,500 
gold. 

At wholesale the discount is 10 per cent. 

The manufactures are sold in Sweden. 
Norway and Denmark. 



CLASS 330. 



Cotton- yarn, not wound upon spools, according 
to value, . • • ' . 

Cotton fabrics, n. o. p. f., unbleached, 
« " " " bleached, . 

The same, finer, unbleached, 

« " bleached, 

Cotton canvas, .... 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 



10 to 40 cts. pr. lb. and 20 pr. ct. 
5 cents per square yard. 
5J^ cents per square yard. 
5 cents per square yard. 
5^ cents per square yard. 
35 per cent. 



pr. lb. 8 ore. 

" 25 " 

" 40 " 

\ P^ lb. 75 " 

J to I Kr. 25 " 

pr. lb. 6 « 



127. Berg, J. T. Naas, Floda. 

Unbleached, bleached, (and dyed, see 
Class 231), cotton yarn of different numbers, 
twilled yarn and other articles therefrom, show- 
ing the manufacture in its different stages, from 
the raw materials to the finished yarn. 

Prev. aw.: Medals in Paris 1855, London 
1862, Stockholm 1866, Boras 1870, and Weners- 
borg 1872; diploma of merit in Vienna, 1873. 



Agency in Goteborg. 

Naas Manufactory (18 miles from Goteborg) 
was established in 1833, and the spinning was 
commenced in June, 1834. The dye-works were 
erected in 1836. 

In the cotton mills are employed ^ men,. 
106 women, 26 boys and 38 girls under 15 years 
of age. 

In the outside works, the workshop, Jhe 



Yarns and Woven Goods of Vegetable or Mineral Materials. 



39 



dyeworks and the bleachery are employed 38 
men, and 3 women. 

The power required is supplied by 4 tur- 
bines, of together 204 H. P. 

The manufactory consists of two cotton 
mills, dye works, and bleachery. 

During 1874 were manufactured 96,876 
hanks of cotton yarn, weighing 1,035,703 lbs., 
part warp, partly woof of different fineness, 
from No. 4 to No. 40, of which 13,540 hanks 
were dyed and 5,844 hanks bleached. At whole- 
sale a discount of 2]/ 2 to 5 per cent, is made. 

The production has amounted to : 



Year. No. of Hanks. 

1865, 57,578 

1870, 95,783 

1871, 93,357 

1872, 93.300 

1873, 94,465 

1874, 90,976 



Weight : lbs. Value, $ geld. 

617,838 287,900 

1,024,768 288,900 

998,913 263,200 

095,248 27I,IOO 

1,080,775 264,300 

!, 035,703 252,900 



In 1874, the government taxes were $420, 
gold, and the community taxes $505, gold. 

The raw materials consist of American 
and East India cotton. During 1874, 2,288 bales 
American cotton, weighing 994,530 lbs., and 631 
bales Madras, weighing 201,920 lbs., were used- 

The refuse generally amounts to about 13 
per cent. In 1874, it amounted to 160,740 lbs., 
of which about 35,000 lbs. were manufactured 
into wadding. The rest is partly tangle, for 
wiping machinery, and oakum, partly dirt, sand, 
and dust. 

Among the measures adopted for the benefit 
of the laborers, may be mentioned that most of 
them have a free dwelling near the factory, with 
fuel and a garden plot, that the so-called co- 
operative society, formed among the workmen, is 
provided with a store and residence for the 
manager of the business, by which arrangement 
the members of the society get the necessities of 
life at the lowest possible price. With this 
society is also connected a savings and burial 
fund. A large school house erected by a former 
owner of Naas, at his own expense, is situated 
close by the factories, and is frequented by the 
children of the workmen, who have also access 
to the parish library kept at the school. 

128. Malmo Manufaktur Aktiebolag. Mal- 
mo Cotton Manufacturing Co. 
Malmo. 
Samples of the Company's manufac- 
tures. 



Prev. aw.: Medals in Stockholm an Malmo 

Agency in Stockholm. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1856. 

In the manufactory are employed 26 men, 
124 women, 2 boys and 8 girls under 15 years of 
age; altogether 160 employees. They are mostly 
paid by the piece. 

The power required is supplied by a steam- 
engine of 35 H. P. 

The annual production consists of about 
3,425,000 feet of sundry kinds of unbleached, 
bleached and dyed cotton goods. 

Ten per cent, discount is allowed at whole- 
sale. 

The value of the manufacture during 1874 
amounted to $122,200, gold, showing an increase 
since 1869, of $39,900, gold. 

The government taxes in 1874,, were $160, 
gold, and the community taxes $636. 

The raw materials consist principally of 
Swedish cotton-yarns, and some English yarns. 

The twist refuse is used for wiping off the 
machinery. 

The manufactures are sold mainly in Swe- 
den, but a small part is also exported to Denmark. 

129. RosenlundsSpinneri Aktiebolag. Ro- 

senlund Cotton Manufacturing Co. 
Lim. Goteborg. 

Cotton-yarns, unbleached and bleached. 

Cotton-yarns for fishing nets, all kinds. 

Cotton-yarns for stockings. 

Cotton-cloths, unbleached and bleached. 

Cotton-canvas for sail-making. 

Lamp-wicks. 

Dyed cotton-yarns and fabrics. (See CI. 
231). 

Prev. aw.: Silver and gold medals in Paris, 
1855 and 1867; London, 1862 and 1872; Stock- 
holm, 1866; Copenhagen, 1872; Moscow, 1872, 
and Vienna, 1873. 

The company's works consist of the Rosen - 
lund and Gammelstad factories, both in Gote- 
borg, and the Anderstorp factory in Lindome, 
Halland. 

Agencies in Stockholm, Copenhagen, Kri- 
stiania and Bergen. 

The two first-named factories commenced 
operations in 1848, with 28,900 spindles, and 
the last-named, in 1874, with 20,000 spindles. 



4o 



Woven and Felted Goods of Wool and Mixtures of Wool. 



The number of persons employed at these 
three factories is 928, consisting of : 



Men, 
Women, 
Boys underi5, 
Girls under 15, 



232 

539 
76 
81 



The power required is supplied by steam 
engines of 240 H. P.; 60 H. P. for the factory, 
commeuced in 1875, being included. 

The production in 1874, consisted of: 

Cotton-yarns, . . 197,268 hanks. 

■Cotton cloths, . . 47,877 pieces. 

Cotton-canvas, . . 1,172 pieces. 

Lampwicks, . . 2,500 pounds. 

To this production will be added in 1 875, 
about 100,000 hanks, through the operations of 
the new mills. 

The value of the manufacture during 1874, 
amounted to $539,000, geld, on which the gov- 



ernment taxes were $850 and the community 
taxes, $3,010, gold. 

The raw materials used during 1874, were 
6,250 bales of cotton; in 1875, 9>95°- 

The refuse in 1874, was 233,000 lbs., which 
was sold partly for oakum, partly for filling in 
bedding and furniture, and also for paper-making. 

The exports go to Norway and Denmark, 
and during the last two years also to Finland. 

The workmen sustain two sick funds, es- 
tablished by the company. 

At Rosenlund a bath-house is erected for 
the workmen, and a library with a reading-room 
and meeting-rooms are provided. A co-opera- 
tive society is established by the workmen and is 
provided with a store, fitted up by the company. 
The workmen also receive free medical attend- 
ance and medicines in case of sickness. 



Dyed cotton-fabrics, n. o. p. f., 
The same, " " finer, 



CLASS 231. 

Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

5K cts - P r - SC L- y ar "d and 10 pr. ct. per lb. 40-50 ore. 
5^ cts. pr. sq. yard and 20 pr. ct. " 75 ore to 

I Kr. 25 ore. 



130. Berg, J. Th. (See CI. 230.) 
Dyed cotton-yarns. 

131. Malmo Bomulls Vafveri Aktiebolag. 

Malmb Cotton Weaving Co., Lim. 
Malmo. 



Dyed cotton fabrics. 

132. Rosenlund's Spinneri Aktiebolag. 

(See CI. 230.) 

Dyed cotton fabrics. 



CLASS 232. 
133. Johansson &. Carlander. Goteborg. Calicoes, etc. 

CLASS 233. 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

35 to 40 per ct. pr. lb. 65 ore. 



Linen, Damask, ..... 

134. Stenberg's, G. Enka., ( Widow. ) Jonkoping. Diaper and damask linen fabrics. 



F. — Woven and Felted Goods of Wool and Mixtures of Wool. 



Wollens, n. o. p. f., 



CLASS 233. 

Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

20 to 50 cents pr. lb. and 35 pr. ct. pr. lb. 25 to 75 ore. 



135. Bergsbro Aktiebolag. Bergsbro Co. 
Lim. Norrkoping. 
Worsted and woolen goods. 



Prev. aw.: Malmo, 1865, silver medal; 
Stockholm, 1866, silver medal; Paris, 1867, sil- 
ver medal; Norrkoping, 1869, silver medal 






Woven and Felted Goods of Wool and Mixtures of Wool. 



4' 



London, 1 87 1, Diploma of Honour; Copenha- 
gen, 1872, silver medal; Vienna, 1873, Medal of 
Merit. 

Agencies in Stockholm and Boras. 

Factories were founded in 1864. Water- 
and steam-power 90 H. P.; 152 men, 137 women, 
51 boys and 39 girls employed. — 7 assortments 
spinnings with 2,545 spindles, no looms, the re- 
quired number of appreture machines, and a dye- 
house. In 1874, 231,144 lbs. washed wool, and 
216,078 lbs. unwashed wool were used for 
making : 

2,497 pieces of broad- 
cloth, containing 
73,007 yards, value $161,532 gold. 

2,086 pieces of fancy 
broadcloth contain- 
ing 60,051 yards. " 187,895 " 



in 1870, 
" 1874, 



3251,000 gold. 
485,000 " 



Total, . . . $349,427 
The total value of the fabrics manufactured 
in 1870 amounted to about $170,000 gold, thus 
showing an increase of about 100 per cent, during 
the last 5 years. 

Government taxes for 1874, . $339 gold. 

Community " " " . 186 " 

Pension fund for aged and infirm, a sick 
and burial fund are established. 

136. Drags Aktiebolag. Drag Manufactu- 
ring Co., Lim.; Norrkoping. 

Sundry fulled Woolens, plain and fig- 
ured. 

Prev. Aw. London 1862, first prize; Stock- 
holm, 1866, second prize; Paris 1867, London, 

1872, and Copenhagen, 1872, first prize ; Vienna, 

1873, Diploma of Honor and Medal of Merit; 
besides first prizes at several smaller exhibitions 
in Sweden. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1854. 

The power required for the operation of the 

mills is supplied by water engines of 220 H. P. 

The annual production of the mills consists 
of 550,426 feet of woolens. 

The value of the production amounted to: 



burial-funds have been established, and dwellings 
and bath houses are provided. 

137- Landskrona Fabriks Aktiebolag. 

Landskrona Manufacturing Co. 
Lim.j Landskrona. 
Woolen cloths, worsted coatings, etc. 

Prev. aw.: Honorable mention: Copen- 
hagen, 1872. 

This factory, founded 1861, used last year 
96,000 lbs. wool, and 56,000 lbs. shoddy for the 
manufacturing of 190,000 ft. cloths and coatings, 
at a value of $0.40 to $1.05 gold, per foot, all 
sold to the home-trade. The value of the 
whole production during 1868, amounted to 

1 $90,000 gold, and in 1873, to $122,000 gold. 
The machinery is worked by a steam engine 

, of 35 H. P., and about 230 prisoners, sentenced 

, for life, superintended by 9 foremen, are em- 

; ployed in the workshops. 

138, Malmo Yllefabpjks Aktiebolag. Mal- 
mo Wool Manufacturing Co. Lim. ; 
Malmo. 

Cardwool-fabrics. 

139. Stockholm's Yllefabriks Aktiebolag. 

Stockholm Woolen Manufacturing 
Co. Lim. Reimersholm, Stock- 
holm. 
Woven and felted goods of wool. 

Prev. aw: Copenhagen, 1872, (medal of 
second class), Vienna, 1873, (medal of merit). 

The manufactory was established in 1868. 

In the manufacture are employed : 37 
men, 104 women, 12 boys and 10 girls, under 15, 
Besides these, the company employs 150 prison- 
ers from the state's-prison, at Langholmen, and 
60 female prisoners, from the prison on Norr- 
malm, Stockholm. 

The power required is supplied by steam- 
j engines of 100 H. P. 

The company manufactures cloths, cordu- 
roys, doeskins, and all other qualities of goods 
pertaining to the woolen industry. 



The taxes on the production are, I per cent 
of the net income to the government, and, 5 per 
cent, of the same to the community. 

The raw materials are 567,000 lbs. of wool. 

No export. 

For the benefit of the operators, sick and 



In the year 1874, the production consisted 
of: 

Cloths, Doeskins, Cordu- 
roys — 323,304 feet, . value $224,300 gold. 

Blankets and shawls — 

15,033 pieces, . . " 51,700 " 



Total value, 



$276000 



42 



Silks. 



In 1868, the value of the production was 
$141,500 gold. 

The government taxes in 1874, were $169 
gold, and the community taxes $274 gold. 

All the refuse from the spindles is used in 
the factory, and that from the cutting-machine, 
is sold and used in the manufacture of coffins 
and wall paper. 



Eight buildings are being erected on the 
Reimersholm estate, containing sufficient accom- 
modations for the families of 50 workmen, and 
a large bathing-house will be built during the en- 
suing summer. Savings, and sick funds are 
about to be formed, but their by-laws have not 
yet been definitely adopted. 



Silks, plain, woven, 



G. — Silks. 
CLASS 245. 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

60 per cent. pr. lb. I Kr. to 

1 Kr. 50 ore. 



140. Almgren, K. A. Stockholm. Plain woven silks. 



H— Clothing, Jewelry, and Ornaments, Traveling Equipments. 



CLASS 250. 



Clothing, ready-made, and wearing apparel, Dutiable 
according to material ; all n. o. p. f., 



141. Ek. J. A. Stockholm. 

Military Equipments. 

142. Fernlund, E. F. Stockholm. 
Military and Civil Clothing. 

143. Heurlin, G. U. & Co. Stockholm. 
Military Clothing. 

[44. Kongl. Krigs Ministeriets Intendents 
Departement. Roy. Wat -Office, De- 
partment of Investment. Stock- 
holm. 



Import- Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 



35 per cent. 



•20 per ct. additional duty to 
duty on the chief material. 



Complete equipment of a foot soldier. 
Complete equipment of amounted sol- 



dier. 



Specimens of cloth, linens, etc., used 
in soldiers' uniforms. 

145. Swedmark, G. Malmo. 
Kidskin-jacket. 

(46. Wallgren, A. R. Stockholm. 
Military Clothing. 



Hats, Bonnets and Hoods, n. o. p. f., 

of silk, 
Gloves, Kid or Leather, 
Boots and Shoes, Leather, 
Boots, Leather, Sea, or Hunting, 

147. Forsell, D. & Co. Stockholm. 
Hats and Caps. (See CI. 256). 

148. Jacobson &. Andersson. Malmo. 
Gloves. 



149. C. E. Svanberg. Jonkoping. 
Hand-made shoes. 
Machine-made shoes. 



CLASS 251. 






Import-Duty in 




United States. Sweden. 




40 per cent. per piece 40 5re. 




60 " " " " I Kr. 50 " 




50 " " per lb. 1 Kr. 




35 " " " " 40 ore. 




35 " " per pair 50 " 



Clothing, Jewelry, and Ornaments, Traveling Equipments. 



43 



Prev. aw.: Malmo, 1865, medal; Copen- 
hagen, 1872, medal; Vienna, 1873, medal; 
Mariestad, 1874, medal. 

The manufacture of hand-made shoes was 
commenced in 1859, that of machine made in 
1874. 

Agencies in Stockholm, Kalmar, Wexio, 
and Linkoping. 

From 20 to 50 workmen are employed. 

150. Swedmark, G. Malmo. 
Gloves. 



151. 0. Tornberg. Goteborg. 

Boots and Shoes. 

Piev. Aw. Copenhagen, 1872, silver medal. 
Vienna, 1875, medal of progress, Mariestad, 1874. 
silver medal. 

Workshops opened 1870, employ 36 men, 
and 2 women. 

Government taxes $17 gold, community 
taxes $58. 
(52. Odberg, C. R. Stockholm. 

Hunting-boots. 



CLASS 252. 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

• 35 P er cent - 2 ° P er ct - additional duty to 
duty on the chief material. 



Embroideries, n. o. p. f., 

153. Petterson, C. E. Stockholm. Embroidered Portrait of Washington 



CLASS 25J. 
154. Klintberg, J. W., & Co. Wisby. Jewelry made of Petrifactions. 



CLASS 254. 



Pins, 

Human Hair, Manufactures, 



155. Anderson, J. Kjardingagarde, Gno- 

sjo. 
Pins. 

156. Berg, F. J. Goteborg. 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

35 per cent. per lb. 25 ore. 

40 " " " " 50 " 

Wigs, braids, and chignons. 
Prev. aw.: Vienna, 1873; Mariefred, 1874; 
Uddevalla, 1875. 



CLASS 256. 



FURS, of kid, reindeer, seal, moose, deer, kangaroo and 
hare, dressed, ..... 

Manufactures of same, ..... 

Furs, of beaver, weasel, chinchilla, marten, sable, bluefox, 
otter, etc., dressed, ..... 

Manufactures of same, , 



Import-Duty in 



United States. 

20 per cent. 
35 " " 



20 per cent. 
35 per cent. 



Sweden. 

pr. lb. 10 ore. 
I ore pr. lb. and 40 

per cent. 

I Kr. pr. lb. and 
20 per cent. 

1 Kr. pr. lb. and 
40 per cent. 



157. Bergstrom, P. N. Stockholm. 

Furs, a special catalogue of which will 
be found in the exhibition. 

Agencies in 16 Swedish cities. 



Prev. aw.: Silver medals in Stockholm, 
1866; Paris, 1867; London, 1862, and at several 
local exhibitions. 

In this factory, which was founded 1844. 



44 



Paper, Blank-Books, and Stationery. 



there are at present -employed 
women, and 2 children. 



2 men, 12 



158. Forsell, D. & Co. 

Furs. 



Stockholm. 



CLASS 237. 
159. Royal Swedish Commission. 29 life size figures, dressed in national costumes. 

/. — Paper, Blank-Books, and Stationery. 



CLASS 258. 



Penholders, 



160. Berggren, A. N. Stockholm. 
Penholders of cork. These penholders, 

being made of cork, are very light and elastic. 
The hand therefore never tires by their use, and 
in consequence of their thickness they enable the 
muscles to rest, which in the use of common 
penholders are under constant strain. 

Prev. aw : Vienna, 1871, (medal of merit). 

These penholders were first manufactured 
in 1870, at present being made only by hand. 

For sale by book-sellers and stationers 
throughout Sweden. Wholesale price $0.83 gold, 
per dozen, $8.53 gold, per gross, retail price, 10 
cents a-piece. 

The penholders have been exported to 
Copenhagen, Kristiania, Helsingfors, Vienna and 
other places. Every penholder is marked, "A. N. 
Berggren, Skrifiarare, Stockholm." 

161. Brunell, J. E. Stockholm. 

Penholders, made of the common reed 
( Phragmites communis) . 

A piece of cork is glued inside the reed, in 
which socket holder the pen is fastened ; in 



Import- Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

35 per cent. pr. lb. 25 ore. 



this reed a stopper of cork is inserted, a cut is 
made with a cutting drill, and in the cut the 
pen is inserted, or inside the reed another reed 
is glued, between these two reeds a piece of 
cottonweed is fastened, and between this and the 
inner reed, room is made for the pen. 

The principal virtues of these penholders 
are that they are the lightest penholders made, 
can be made of different sizes, and therefore are 
well adopted for all writers, especially for those 
who suffer from writers cramp. Manufacture 
commenced in 1875. 

162. Klintberg, J. W-, & Co. Wisby. 
Letter-presses of petrifactions. 

163. Kullgren's,C.A.,Enka {Widow). Ud- 

devalla. 
Letter-presses of polished granite. 

164. Nystrom, M. S. Stockholm. 
Stamps of Cork for marking Linen and 

paper. 

These stamps give a clearer impression than 
those of wood or metal. 



CLASS 259. 



Writing-Paper and Envelopes, 



165. Bock, Chr. A. Klippan, Aby. 

Samples of different kinds of paper, 

manufactured at the mills of Klippan. 
(.Wood-pulp.— See CI. 360). 

Prev. aw. At exhibitions in Sweden and 
London. 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

35 per cent. pr. lb. 8 ore. 



The manufacture of paper was commenced 
about 1650. In the manufactory 94 men, and 72 
women are employed, and besides these 250 rag- 
pickers. 

The annual production is about 2,800,000 
lbs. of paper, with a value of $317,300 gold. 



Paper, Blank-Books, and Stationery. 



45 



Sick fund, etc., are established. 

166. Litografiska Aktiebolaget, Lithograph- 

ical Co. Lim. ; Norrkoping. 
Envelopes. 

167. Munktell, J. H. Grycksbo, Falun. 
Filtering papers of different qualities. 
(Wood pulp, see Class 250.) 

Prev. aw.: Paris, 1867, bronze medal; 
Copenhagen, 1872, silver medal. 

Agents : A. Petre & Co., Stockholm. 

These filtering papers are handmade, fi-om 
the finest linen rags, the two best kinds are made 
during the coldest part of the winter season, a 



very low temperature being required in order to 
obtain a paper of superior quality. 

In the filtering-paper factories of Grycksbo, 
are employed 40 men, and 60 women and chil- 
dren. The necessary force is supplied by water- 
engines of 60 H. P. 

The annual production has during the last 
ten years, amounted to $40,000 to 60,000 gold, 
according to the supply of water. The taxes for 
this production paid to the government being 
$416 gold, and to the community $277 gold per 
annum. 

A school and a prayer chapel are established 
at the factory, and the savings of the opera- 
tors are deposited in the savings bank of the 
county. 



CLASS 260. 



WoODPULi', dried. 
Pasteboard, 
Paper, printing, 

" wrapping, . 

" others, n. o. 



168. Bock, Ch. A. Klippan, Aby. 
Wood-pulp. (See CI. 259). 

169. Ekman, C. D. Bergvik. 
Wood-pulp, chemically prepared. 

170. Lewenhaupt, Sten, Count. Wermbohl. 

Katrineholm. 
Chemical wood-pulp. 

171. Mamlo Tramassefabriks Aktiebolag. 

Malm'6 Wood-pulp Manufacturing 
Co. Lim. Elmhult, Delary. 
Chemically manufactured wood-pulp 
for paper-making. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1872. 
In the manufactory are employed 60 men, 
40 women, and 10 children under 15 years of age. 
The necessary power is furnished by water- 
engines of 100 H. P. 

The annual production is about 1,500,000 
lbs. wood-pulp, with a value of $5.56, gold, per 
100 lbs 

The raw materials used for this production 
are : 200,000 lbs. caustic soda, 600,000 lbs. cal- 
cined soda, 216,000 cubic feet pine-wood, 100,- 
000 lbs. lime, besides 4,000,000 peat-bricks 
used for fuel. 



Import-Duty in 

United States. Sweden. 

20 per cent. pr. 11). 2 ore. 

35 " " " " " " 

20 " " " " " " 

10 " " " " " " 

35 " " " " " " 

The refuse, filtered soda-lime, is used for 
agricultural purposes. 

The production is exported to England, 
Germany and France. 

For the benefit of the employees, there is a 
school and bath-house at the factor)'. Savings- 
bank has been established at Elmhult, the near- 
est railroad station. 

172. Munkedals Aktiebolag. Munkedal 
Manufacturing Co. j by Ivar, 
Kullgren, Munkedal, Uddevalla. 

Wrapping-paper and Bagging-paper, 
finer and coarser, of different colors. 

Paste-board for walls, nearly water-proof. 

1 Tarred Paste-board, for ground floors 
and outerwalls of wooden houses. — See CI. 263). 

(Wall-paper, in different colors. — See CI. 
264). 

Stretching-paper, for ceilings. 

Bagging-paper, etc. The manufactures 
are from wood, and distinguish themselves for 
strength, density, impenetrability to air and water, 
and in comparison with others, for cheapness. 

Prev. aw. Uddevalla, 1874, gold medal, 
Mariestad, 1874, silver medal. 



46 



Paper, Blank-Books, and Stationery. 



The manufacture was commenced in 1874. 

The power required is supplied by water 
engines of 1000 H. P., by a fall of 137 feet. 

As the manufactory has not yet gotten fully 
into operation, the amount and value of produc- 
tion so far received, and the taxes paid thereon 
do not show the real capacity of the factory and 
are therefore not included in this statement. 

The raw materials used are, wood, colorings, 
glue, and fuel. 

The production is exported to England, 
Germany, Denmark and Africa. 

A sick-fund has been formed, by monthly 
contributions, from the workmen. 

Price List of paper and pasteboard, from 
Munkedal Manufacturing Co., Uddevalla, Swe- 
den. 

Price in pence 
pr. Engl. lb. 
Paper for wall-paper manufacture 

(Long Elephant) 2j£ d. 

Wrapping-paper, fine and thin 3 d. 

" fine, ordinary thick, 2 ^d. 

Wrapping paper, less fine 2^{ d. 

Pasteboard for wall-sheathing in 

rolls, waterproof 2]^ d. 

Bagging-paper, thick, waterproof 2 x / 2 d. 

173. Munksjo Pappersbruk. Munksjo Pa- 
per-mills ; by O. Ljungquist, Jon- 
koping. 
Samples of wrapping-paper. 
Building-paper. (See CI. 263). 
Prev. aw : Karlstad, 1762 ; Malmo, 1864; 

Stockholm, 1866 and 1868; Copenhagen and 

Moscow, 1872 ; Vienna, 1873 (all silver medals) ; 

and Paris, 1867 (honorable mention). 

The manufacture was commenced in May, 

1862. 

In the mills are employed about 80 to 100 

men, and 20 to 25 women, all above 20 years of 

age. 

The power required is supplied by : 

1 steam-engine, with condensor, of 75 H. P. 

« 50 « 



without 



10 
5 



15,000 cwt. 
27,000 " 

12,000 " 



N. B. — All nominal horse-power, but which 
experiment has shown to be more than double. 

The production during 1874, consisted of: 

Wrapping-paper from straw, etc., 
about 

Mixed straw and rags — paste-board 
and unmixed rag-board, 

Asphalted and tar-soaked paste- 
boards for the outside cover- 
ing of roofs and walls, about 

The value of the production in 1874, 
amounted to $257,000 gold, during the quin- 
quennium 1869-74, to $881,000 gold, and du- 
ring the quinquennium 1864-69, to $42,700 gold. 

The taxes during 1874, were $286 gold, to 
the government, and $1,112 gold, to the commu- 
nity. 

The raw materials for the same production, 
consisted of rye-straw 36-40,000 cwt., rags, 
about 20,000 cwt., tar from coal-gasworks, 
about 3,500 barrels. 

Of wrapping-paper, 30,000 to 50,000 reams 
are yearly exported to England, and South 
America, via Hamburg. The paste-board goes 
mainly to the Scandinavian countries, also to Fin- 
land and Russia. 

Several savings funds, established for the 
benefit of the workmen, are managed by them- 
selves, and a larger one is managed by the office 
of the manufactory. Library, reading-room and 
bath-rooms, with hot and cold water, are estab- 
lished at the mills, and are free to be used by the 
employees. Dwellings for the workmen, with 
water and a garden, are already designed in a 
park on the grounds of the manufactory. 

174. Munktell, J. H. Grycksbo, Falun. 
Woodpulp. (See CI. 259.) 

175. Nynas Kartonfabrik. Nynas Paste- 

board Facto7-y ; by W. Almquist. 
Nynas, Mavida. 
Paste-board of various kinds. 



Playing Cards, 



CLASS 262. 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

25 to 35 cents per pack. pr. gr. 18 Kr, 



Paper, Blank-Books, and Stationery. 



47 



176. Djupafors Fabriks Aktiebolag. Dju- 

pafors Manufacturing Co. Lim. ; 
by T. Palander. Djupafors, Ron- 
neby. 

Pasteboard and carton, manufactured 
from wood-pulp, assorted with from 50 to 400 
sheets per cwt. Dimensions 22 by 32 inches. 

Air-dried wood-pulp, prime quality from 
pine (in pasteboard-form). . 

Prev. aw: Copenhagen, 1872, silver med- 
al ; Moscow, 1872, silver medal; Vienna, 1873, 
diploma of merit. 

The manufacture commenced in 1869. In 
the manufactory are employed 40-50 men, with 
wages from 30 to 85 cents per day; 10 to 15 
women, with wages from 20 to 25 cents per day ; 
10 to 12 boys, with wages from 15 to 20 cents 
per day. 

The power required is supplied by water- 
engines of 265 H. P. 

The annual production is about 13,000 cwt., 
consisting of air-dried wood-pulp, paste-board 



and carton, polished sheathing-board in form 
of slates, for roofing, and asphaltum -paper, for 
sheathing walls. For this manufacture are used 
308,000 cubic feet of selected pine-wood, be- 
sides asphaltum- tar, etc. 

The value of the production is about $25,- 
000 gold. At wholesale, a discount of 20 to 25 
per cent, is given. 

In the manufacture of the wood-pulp, it is 
collected on pasteboard cylinders in thick sheets 
and then air-dried, no pressing whatever being 
employed. In consequence thereof, the pulp is 
very soluble, white, and even. 

All the wood-pulp, and most of the paste- 
board is exported to England, Denmark, France, 
and Belgium. 

177. Kohler &. Co. Malmo. 
Playing-cards. 

178. Litografiska Aktiebolaget. The Lith- 

ographical Co., Lim. Norrkoping. 
Playing-cards. 



CLASS 263. 



Wall Paper, 
Pasteboard for Walls, 



Import-Duty in 
United States. . Sweden. 

35 per cent. per lb. 8 ore. 

35 " " Free. 



179. Djupafors Fabriks Aktiebolag. (See | 180. Munkedals Aktiebolag. (See CI. 260). 

CI. 252). Building paper. 

Pasteboard for Walls, building-paper 181. Munksjd Pappersbruk. (See CI. 260). 

and method for using it. Building paper. 



CLASS 264. 



182. Edgren, J., (late L. W. Norling.) J6n- 
koping. 

Wall Papers, from the plainest, one col- 
ored, machine printed on ordinary ground and 
gloss, to hand-printed on. ordinary ground and finer 
gloss and fine, dull ground, part in color only, part 
in gold leaf and gold dust, varnished, machine 
and hand printed, and hand made wall-paper. 

Borders, Corners, etc, 

The products have not before been exhib- 
ited. 

The manufacture was commenced by the 



former owner in 1853, transferred to present 
owner in 1871. 

The number of workmen employed varies 
between 30 and 40, consisting of 15 men, 10 
women and 10 to 15 boys under 15 years of age. 
Their wages have during late years, averaged 
14,160 gold per annum. 

Only hand-power is employed. 

The production amounted to : 
in 1 87 1, 200,000 rolls of wallpaper and 4,000 rolls 

of border, 
in 1872, 240,000 rolls of wallpaper and 4,000 rolls 
of border. 



4 8 



Military and Naval Armaments, Ordnance, Fire-Arms, Etc. 



in 1873, 230,000 rolls of wallpaper and 6,000 rolls 

of border, 
in 1874, 240,000 rolls of wallpaper and 6,000 rolls 

of border, 
besides some friezes, etc. 

At wholesale the discount varies between 
10 and 20 per cent, with from 30 to 180 days 
credit. 

The value of the production was : 

In 1871, . . . $19,000 gold 

In 1872, . . . 25,000 " 

In 1873, . . . 26,100 " 

In 1874, . . . 27,100 " 

The government taxes are one per cent of 
income, the community taxes 4^ per cent. 

The rawmaterials consist of : 
Paper, ... . $1,300 gold. 

Colors, Glue and Glue-gloss, ) „ - , 

Varnishes, Dusts, etc. } ^^°° g old - 

The refuse, paper-cuttings, is sold to paper- 
mills 

Hitherto wall-paper has only been expor- 
ted to Norway, to the value of from $1,600 to 
$2,200 gold per annum. 

Deposits in the savings-bank, are made from 
a fund, formed through a certain percentage of 
extra allowance for the industry of the workmen 
and is paid them semi-annually. 

183. Kaberg, C. A. Stockholm. 
Wallpaper. 

184. Mineur, C. G. Stockholm. 

Wallpaper, imitation of leather and 
ornaments in wood-pulp — the exhibitor's in- 
vention, patented in Sweden. Patent in United 
States applied for. 

185. Munkedals Aktiebolag. (See CI. 260) 
Wallpaper. 



186. Rosell, P. A. & Co. Jonkoping. 
Wallpaper. 

In the manufacture of wallpaper 3 inge- 
niously constructed machines are used, by means 
of which several different colors can be printed 
at once; also, hand-printing machines, a goffer- 
ing machine, and 2 rolling machines. 

Prev. aw. : At the exhibition for western 
Sweden, 1872, medal of gratification, Marie- 
stad, 1874, silver medal. 

The manufactory was established in 1857, 
and purchased by the present firm in 1868; item- 
ploys 30 men, who receive from $2.77 to $3.33 
gold per week, and 20 boys who receive from 
$0.83 to $1,66 gold per week. 

At present only hand-power is employed. 

In 1874, 600,000 rolls of wall-paper, with a 
value of 155,600 per cent, gold were produced. 

From 15 to 20 per cent, discount is allowed 
at wholesale. 

The government taxes are 1.47 per cent, 
of the net income. 

The community taxes are 5.16 per cent, of 
the net income. 

The raw materials consisted of paper 210,- 
000 lbs.; color, varnishes, gold, silver, glue, etc., 
750 cwt. 

Most of the forms and rollers of different 
patterns, are produced at the factory, which is 
done nowhere else in the country. 

The paper refuse is sold to the paper mills. 

The annual export to Norway amounts to 
about $5,500 gold. 

There is a savings-bank in the community, 
and a sick-fund sustained by the workmen. 



J. — Military and Naval Armaments, Ordnance, Fire- Arms, and Hunting- 
Apparatus. 



CLASS 26,'. 



Fire-Arms, all kinds, 
Iron Shots, cast, 



United States. 
35 per cent. 
20 " 



Import- Duty in 



Sweden, 
per lb. 20 ore. 
per lb. 25 " 



187. Husquarna Wapenfabriks Aktiebolag. 

Husqvarna Arms Manufacturing 



Co. Lim. ; by Emil Ankarcrona, 
Musquarna, Jonkoping. 



Military and Naval Armaments, Ordnance, Fire-Arms, Etc. 



49 



Rifles, Carbines, Single and Double- 
Barrelled Shot-Guns, after Remington's 
model. 

Sporting-Arms, single and double bar- 
reled, breech loading and central ignition. 

Revolvers and Pistols. 

Machine made guns. 

(Tools. See CI. 280.) 

Sewing-Machines, and parts thereof. 
See CI. 531.) 

Prev. aw. : London, 1862, Honorable 
Mention; Stockholm, 1866, silver medal; Copen- 
hagen, 1872, bronze medal; Moscow, 1872, one 
gold and one silver medal; Vienna, 1873, medal 
of nerit; Mariestad, 1874, silver medal. 

There are employed 350 men, 35 boys and 
girls. Their wages vary from $0.30 to $0.80 gold 
per day. 

The power required is supplied by three 
turbines of about 200 H. P. 

The annual production consists of 15,516 
guns, 3,000 gun locks, etc., 230 sewing machines, 
and sundry casts. 

The value of the production amounts to 
$178,000 gold, on which the government taxes 
were $275 gold and the community taxes $222 
gold. 

The raw materials used were : 

Steel, .... 2,744 cwt. 
Iron, .... i>456 " 

Steel-barrels, . . . 776 " 

Coal, . . . 13,740 cub. ft. 

Unfinished gun-stocks, . .15,516 pieces. 

Pig-iron, . . . 1,400 cwt. 

The production of arms is partly for the 
Swedish Army, and partly sold within the country. 

For the workmen are erected 23 dwellings 
partly of wood, partly of stone. 

The married workmen have garden-plots to 
their dwellings and have permission to erect their 
own houses, of which 15 have availed themselves. 

The workmen have a sick and burial-fund 
of their own, to which the company contributes 
about $115 gold per annum, and the same 



amount to a pension institution for old workmen 
and their widows. 

The company has besides given the work- 
men a large 4 story house to be used for a restau- 
rant and grocery store. The company supports 
its own gas works, bath-house with hot and cold 
water, and a flour mill, where the workmen have 
their grain ground free. 

188. Kongl. Krigs-Ministeriets Artilleri-De- 
partement. Roy. War- Office, Ar- 
tillery Departme?it. Stockholm. 

Military small arms, from the Royal 
Factory at Karl Gustafs Stad. 

The work-shops of the royal gun factory at 
Karl Gustafs Stad, are contained in 3 buildings, 
viz. : The ram-house, the main building, and 
the stocUmakers shops, occupying an aggregate 
area of 21,600 sq. feet. 

Water-power is employed in 3 motors, with 
a minimum of 105 H. P., and this power is 
transmitted by 900 feet of shafting and 8,000 
feet of belting to 187 machines, mounted in the 
shops. 

These machines are : — 

7 rams, 2 trip-hammers, 4 excenter-presses. 
57 millings-machines, 4 rifle-machines, 1 barrel- 
polishing (emery) machine, 5 barrel-boring ma- 
chines, 2 lead-finishing machines, 7 screw-ma- 
chines, 4 screw-nut machines, 14 boring machines, 
32 grinding and polishing (emery) machines, 8 
profiling- and engraving-machines, 9 machines 
for cutting gun-stocks, 1 centring machine, 13 
turn-benches, 7 plaining machines, 10 sundry 
other machines. Total, 187 machines. 

The number of workmen varies from 150 
to 400. Officers are : Chief Manager, Superin- 
tending Artillery-Officer, Boss, Cashier and Pay- 
master, 2 Clerks, 1 Inspector of Ordnances. 
The annual production can amount to 20,000 
guns ; the value of each gun, last year, was $8.33 
gold. 

No workmen are by contract bound to work 
at the factory any length of time. 



CLASS 266. 



189. Kongl. Krigs-Ministeriets Artilleri-De- 
partement. Roy. War- Office, Ar- 
tillery Department. Stockholm. 
Field-gun with carriage. 



Ammunition-carriage. 
Field-forge. 

Fusees, time and percussion, in different 
stages of fabrication. 



5° 



Military and Naval Armaments, Ordnance, Fire-Arms, Etc. 



190. Motala Mekaniska Verkstads Aktiebo- 
lag. Motala Mechanical Works 
Co., Lim. Motala. 
Hoops for heavy guns. 



191. Palmcrantz, Helge. Stockholm. 
Mitrailleuse. 



CLASS 267. 



192. Ekman, Carl, Finspong, and De Mare, A. 

Ankarsrum. 
Steel-guns and shots. 

193. Kong!. Krigs-Ministeriets Artilleri De- 



partment. Royal War- Office, Ar- 
tillery Department. Stockholm. 
Fortification-ordnance with carriage 
and shots. 



CLASS 268. 



Swords and Knives, with handles, 
The Same, blades only, polished, 

194. Eskilstuna Jernmanufaktur Aktiebolag. 

Eskilstuna Iron Manufacturing Co., 
Lim.; by Jacob Svengren. Eskils- 
tuna.* 
Swords, Blades, Sabres, Foils, and 
Hunting knives. 

Frev. aw. : Stockholm, 185 1, and 1856; 
Paris, 1855 and 1867; Copenhagen, 1872; Mos- 
cow, 1872; Vienna, 1873. 

This manufacturing began about 1820, 
Mr. Chr. Zetterbekg being at that time owner 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

{pr. lb. 10 to 50 ore 
according to mate- 
rial of handle. 
35 per cent. pr. lb. 25 ore. 

and manager of the works. At present the said 
company manufactures all sorts of cutlery, hard- 
ware for buildings, etc. The quantity of sword- 
blades manufactured varies according to orders 
issued from the regiments. The value of the 
entire production in 1866, amounted to $13,800 
gold, and in 1875 to $16,300 gold, whereof only 
41 per cent. ($7,500) for sword-blades. For this 
manufacturing were used : 

7,400 lbs of various kinds of steel. 
41,100 " " " " iron. 

17,400 " " " " iron- and steel-plates 

5,500 " " " " other materials. 



*The town of Eskilstuna was founded in 1606, by King Karl IX, whose practical eye had already detected the 
advantages which the situation of the place and its plentiful supply of wattr-power offered for manufacturing purposes. 
Iron-workers and engineers were encouraged to settle there, and were promised munificent privileges as well as exemp- 
tion from tithes and taxes. The settlement, however, progressed but slowly until 1654, when Reinhold Radkmaciier, 
a Livonian, whose large iron-works had been ruined by the war between Sweden and Poland, was induced to remove to 
Eskilsmna with all his workmen. King Karl X Gu.vtaf (Charles Gustavus X), who was extremely anxious to advance 
the manufacturing interests of Sweden, which was then in its infancy, and shared the common belief of his age in the 
beneficial effects of monopolies, endowed Rademacher and his followers with great immunities and special privileges. 
They were granted as much land as they wanted for building purposes, and as pasture for their cattle. Dwelling- 
houses were erected for them at the expense of the Crown, sufficient water-power was assigned to them, and coal and 
wood were supplied by the Crown. Moreover, Rademacher was entitled to have a large amount of copper coined yearly, 
without paying any seignorage, and a high protective duty was imposed on an article, whkh the new factories were to 
produce. 

Still, in spite of all these privileges, the works did not thrive. The principal difficulty seems to have been the want 
of workmen. Numerous complaints were soon made, that the apprentices did not serve out their time, and, although 
the Orphan asylum, at Stockholm, was directed to supply Rademacher with thirty apprentices yearly, and exemption 
from military service promised all persons, who, after having served out their apprenticeship of three years, would stay 
five years longer. These advantages seem to have been insufficient to procure sufficient laborers. At Rademacher's 
death the works were found. to be bankrupt, and were sequestrated by the Crown, which, however, a few years later ceded 
them back to his son-in-law. Still very little activity was displayed at Eskilstuna during the follow:ng eighty years. 

After a second sequestration by the Crown and several subsequent charges of owners, the land, on which the eld 
works had been er< cted, was finally in 1771 bought back by the government, which then decided upon trying another 
system. That which monopoly and privileges had failed to perform liberty was called on to accomplish. Lskilstuna 
was declared a free town, and immunity from all personal taxes granted, not as before to one man ai:d his followers, but 
to all who chose to settle in the town for the purpose of engaging in the iron and steel trades. Transports to Eskilstuna 
were freed from all custom duties, and perfect liberty allowed the manufacturers in carrying on their work and disposing 
of their goods, a boon of no slight importance in this age of regulations and restrictions, when all over Europe the strictest 
rules interfered in even the most minute details of every trade. Events proved the liberal spirit which had dictated these 
exemptions from the petty tyranny of trade guilds and corporations to have been wise in its policy. No more privileges 
were needed to attract working-men to the town, which, under the Rademacher monopoly, could not find hands enough. 
Competition and freedom from artificial restraint were all that was wanted to make industry prosper,, until now, alter a 
period of over 100 years, its products have attained a world wide renown and the Eskilstuna steel has found its way to all 
the principal markets of the world. 



Medicine, Surgery, Prothesis. 



5* 



600 cubic feet of coals and coaks, (the quan- 
tity of charcoal not being kept account of ). 

Power: 63 men, 2 women, 5 boys; grind- 
ing- works with two water wheels of altogether 
15 H. P. 

The company carries on business with its 
own and other's products, last years sales amount- 
ed to $123,000 gold. 19 per cent, were sold to 



Finland and Russia, 2 per cent, to Norway, % 
per cent, to Denmark — the rest in Sweden. 

The factory keeps a library of its own, open 
to the workmen. A Sunday- and evening-school, 
free bath-house, a sick- and burying-fund, savings- 
bank, etc., are established in the town for the 
benefit of the workmen at the various factories. 

A large factory is being built by the com- 
pany at Tunafors, close to the town. 



K. — Medicine, Surgery, Prothesis. 



CLASS 272. 



Medicinal Preparations, n. o. p. f. 
" patent, 



Import-Duty in 
United States, Sweden. 

40 per cent. free. 

50 " " importation pro- 

hibited. 



195. Piltz, G. Stockholm. 

Gelatinae medicatae in lamellis ; thin 
laminas of gelatine containing different kinds of 
medicines, invented by Professor A. Almen of 
Uppsala, prepared by the exhibitor. 



Prev. aw.: Paris, Geogr. Congr., 1875. 
196. Lamm, Axel, M.D. Stockholm. 

Galvano Caustic apparatus, Price $330 gold. 
Uterine-rheophore. " 21 " 



Surgeons' Instruments, not cutlery, 
" " cutlery, 



CLASS 276. 



Import-Duty in 
United-States. Sweden, 

according to material. pr. lb. 15 ore. 
. 35 per cent. " " " " 



197. Kongl. Krigsministeriets Faltlakare- 

Kontor. Royal War Office Sani- 
tary Department,. Stockholm. 

Set of Surgical Instruments for milita- 
ry use. 

198. Stille Alb. Stockholm. 



Surgical Instruments. 

Cutlery for Naturalists. 
199. Zander, G. M. D. Stockholm. 

Apparatus for Mechanical Gymnastics. 
See CI. 340. 



L.~ Hardware, Edge-Tools, Cutlery, and Metallic Products. 



CLASS 280. 



Steel, manufactures of n. o. p. f., . 

Cutlery, all kinds, but pen, pocket, and jack-knives, 

" pen-, pocket-, and jack-knives, 
Iron, manufactures"of n. o. p. f, 

" nails, spikes, etc., cut, 

" " " " wrought, 

" screws, n. o. p. f., . 

Brass, lead, tin, etc., manufactures of n. o. p. f., 
Tools, hand, and for factories, 
Brass Nails and Yellow Metal for sheating, 



Import-Duty 
United States. S 



Import-Duty in 
tates. Sweden. 

45 per cent. pr. lb. 10 to 25 ore. 

35 \ See cl. 268. 

50 " f 

35 " ) ,; , ^ 

pr. lb. \]/ z cts. [per lb. \y z to 6 

" 2 y 2 " [ ore. 

35 per cent. J 

35 " per lb. 15 5re. 

50 per cent. 

free. 



52 Hardware, Edge-Tools, Cutlery, and Metallic Products. 



200. Eskilstuna Jernmanufaktur Aktiebolag. 

Screw-plates. (See CI. 260.) 

201. Fagersta Bruks Aktiebolag. (See CI. 
111.) 

Saws. 

202. Liberg, B. & 0. Rosenfors. 
Edge-tools. (See CI. 281.) 

203. Nya Filfabriken. New File Factory, 



by C. M. Loostrora & Co. Eskils- 
tuna. 
Files. 

204. Uddeholms Aktiebolag. 
Hand-tools. 

205. Oberg, C. 0. & Co. Eskilstuna. 
Files. 



CLASS 281. 



206. Engstrom, Joh. Eskilstuna. 
Razors. 

207. Gustafsson, G. Eskilstuna. 
Knives. 

208. Hailing, A. Eskilstuna. 
Knives. 

209. Heljestrand, Chr. Eskilstuna. 
Razors, Knives, and Cork-screws. 

210. Liberg, B. 0. Rosenfors. 

Scissors, Skates, Plane-irons, Chisels 
and Cork-screws. 

The manufacturing commenced in 1863, and 
gives employment to 60 men. 

The power required is supplied by water- 
engines of 24 H. P. 

The production during 1864, amounted to 
$ l >3°° g° ld > an <i during 1874, to $33,000 gold, 
for which latter production $55 gold, were paid 
in taxes to the government, and $138 gold to the 
community. 

The exports are principally to Norway, 
Finland and Denmark. 

211. Stahlberg, L. F. Stahlfors. 

Table-Knives, Carving-Knives, Kitch- 
en and Bread-Knives, Chopping-Knives, 
Butcher, Pocket, Shoemaker's, and several 
other kinds of knives. 

Prev aw. Stockholm, 1858 and 1866, Paris, 
1855 an <* 1867, Malmo, 1865, Lysekil, 1868, Co- 
penhagen, 1872, Vienna, 1873. 

Stahlfors manufactory was established in 
1847, and commenced operation in 1848. 



For the manufactory are employed : 

Assistants ... 2. 

Workmen over 18 years of age 29. 
" under 18 " " " 8. 
altogether 39 persons. 

The power required for running the manu- 
factory is supplied by two water engines of 12 
H. P. each, and in case of necessity a steam 
engine of 6 H. P. 

The value of the manufacture in 1869, 
amounted to $5,500 gold, and in 1874, to $15,- 
300 gold, on this latter sum the taxes to the gov- 
ernment were $40 gold, to the community 
$127 gold, and to the pastor $26 gold. 

In 1874, the following rawmaterials were 
used: 

Bessemer-steel, 338 cwt. 

Ebony, . 178 " 

Charcoal, . 1200 barrels. 

For the forging, mechanical hammers are 
employed; thus giving quicker and better work 
at less cost. 

The refuse, steelcuttings, are sold to Iron- 
works. 

The largest part of the manufacture is sold 
in Sweden, the next largest amount in Norway, 
and smaller quantities in Denmark and Finland. 

Deposits for the children of the workmen, 
have been made in the Life-annuity and Capital 
Assurance Institution of Stockholm. 



212. Svalling, E. M. 
Knives. 

213. S6deren, F. M. 

Knives. 



Eskilstuna. 



Eskilstuna. 



Fabrics of Vegetable, Animal, or Mineral Materials. 



53 



CLASS 284. 



214. Fagersta Bruks Aktiebolag. 
Nails. (See CI. in.) 

215. Eskilstuna Jern Manufaktur Aktiebo- 

lag. Eskilstuna. 
Hinges. (See CI. 268.) 

216. Hedlund, Joh. Eskilstuna. 
Locks. 

217. Jernbergh, S. Eskilstuna. 
Latches. 

218. Johnson, A, &. Co. Stockholm. 
Cart-spring. 

219. Kallinge Bruk. 
Nails. (See CI. 210.) 

220. Lafquist, J. A, Eskilstuna. 
Hinges. 

221. Lagerbeck, H. Eskilstuna. 
Locks. 

222. Lindstrom, J- F. Eskilstuna. 
Hardware. 

223. New Gellivara Co. Lim. (See CI. in.) 
Nails. 

224. Robson, Albert. Aspa, Askersund. 
Oak spikes, wrought by water ham- 

hammer, from bars drawn from pig-iron of ex- 
hibitor's own manufacture, from ores from the 
mines of Striberg, Pershytte, Klacka, in Nora, 
mining districts, and from ores from the Sanna 
mine, in Lekeberg mining-district. 



Prev. aw.: for oak spikes, London, 1862, 
medal; Paris, 1861, honorable mention. 

The power required is supplied by water- 
engines. 

The raw materials annually used are : 
Ores from the exhibitor's own mines, 66,579 cwt. 
Pig-iron, . . . . . 33.729 " 

Bar-iron, 20,201 " 

The refuse, scrap-iron, is exported. 
The bar-iron is exported to England and 
America. 

The principal brand is : 



CK 



LANCASH 
GASWD 
SWEDISH 



225. Stenman, F. A. Eskilstuna. 
Locks. 

226. Strandberg, J. Eskilstuna. 
Brass. 

227. Strandell, A- L. Eskilstuna. 

228. Sundstrom, F. 0. Charlottenberg. 
Nails. 

229. Uddeholms Aktiebolag. 
Springs.— (See CI. ill). 
Hardware. 

230. Walen, Joh. Eskilstuna. 
Locks. 

231. Wiklund, W. Stockholm. 
Brass-hardware. 

20 per cent, discount allowed at wholesale. 



M. — Fabrics of Vegetaele, Animal, or Mineral Materials. 



CLASS 283. 



Manufacturers of India Rubber mixed with cotton, etc., 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

35 per cent. per lb. 75 ore. 



232. Tuxen, Louis von. Stockholm. 
"Technical Patent Leather." 

This leather is manufactured from new and 
old leather, which is ground and then condensed 
by chemicals, and used for Tarpaulins, Sun-tents, 
Floor-mats, Wall-covering, Machine-belts, Gas-, 
Water-, and other kinds of Pipes, Press- and 
Machine-packings, etc. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1865, 
and gives employment to 9 men, 3 women, and 



2 boys, with wages aggregating $70 gold per 
week. 

The power required is supplied by a steam 
engine of 4 horse-power, of Tangye's Patent, 
Birmingham. 

The raw material used are leather-refuse, 
india rubber and chemicals. 

The india-rubber is dissolved in turpentine, 
benzine, or bisulphide of carbon, in the manu- 
factory. 



54 



Fabrics of Vegetable, Animal, or Mineral Materials. 



CLASS 286. 



Brushes, 



Import- Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

{per lb. 5 to 20 are, 
according to mate- 
rial of handle. 



233. Stocklassa, F. Stockholm, Brushes. 



CLASS 289. 



Articles made of Willow, finer, 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

35 per cent. per lb. 25 ore. 



234. Olsson, M., Deaf and Dumb. W. Arnas, 
Lima. 



Flower-stand, willow-chair and basket. 
Prev. aw. Stockholm and Vienna. 



CLASS 291. 



Iron- Ware, Galvanized, 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden, 

per lb. 2.}/ 2 cts. 30 ore. 



235. Galvaniserings Aktiebolaget Karis- 
krona ? Karlskrona Galvanizing Co. 
Karlskrona. 
Zinc-plated Swedish Sheet-iron, which 

by the plating has not lost its flexibility, but can 

be bent or worked into any object desired, the 

zinc-plating still remaining intact. 

Prev. aw: Moscow, 1172, bronze medal; 

Vienna, 11 73, medal of merit; Mariestad, 1874, 

large silver medal. 



Agencies in Stockholm, Goteborg, Malmo, 
Norrkoping, Landskrona, Wisby, Copenhagen, 
Kristiania, and Nystad. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1870. 

The plating process, secret. 
236. Kallinge Bruk. (See Class 224.) 

Galvanized Vessels. 



DEPARTMENT III 



EDUCATION AND SCIENCE. 



A — Educational Systems, Methods, and Libraries. 



All printed MATTER, engravings bound or unbound, il- 
lustrated books and papers, maps and charts, n. o. p. f., 
Books, printed abroad in the Swedish language and n. o. p. f., 
Philosophical apparatus and instruments, n. o. p. f., 



Import-Duty in 
United States. 



25 per cent. 

free. 
40 per cent. 



Sweden. 

free, 
per lb. 15 ore. 
per lb. 15 5re. 



CLASS joo. 



237. Abrahamson, August. Naas, Floda. 
Works by the pupils to the Naas Me- 
chanic's School. 

Frew aw. Agricultural Exhibition at Ve- 
nersborg, 1872, silver medal, at Mariestad, 1874, 
silver medal. 

The school was opened by its present di- 
rector, in 1872, for boys, with two teachers and 
twelve pupils, who are paid respectively 50 cts. 
and 12 cts. gold per day. 

About 40 per cent of the earnings of the 
boys is deposited in a savings bank. 

The subjects taught are elementary mathe- 
matics, physics, drawing, and all subjects taught 
in "common schools," together with handiwork. 

A class for girls was formed in 1874, with 
16 pupils. 

Subjects : Women's handiwork, house- 
keeping and such as are taught in the "common 
schools." 

238. Alard, A. F. Simtuna, Enkoping. 
Musical Staff Table, $2.00 gold. 
Favorable opinion expressed by the R. 

Swed. Academy of Music. 

239. Anderson, N. J., with assistance fromERD- 

mann, Holmgren, Johanson, Kinman, 
and Loven. Stockholm. 
Specimens of evertebrate animals, 
plants and minerals. $400.00. 



242. 



243. 



240. Bagge, G. B. Paris, France. 
Geographical Maps. 

241. Berggren, A. N. Stockholm. 

Method of Penmanship. #6.50. 

Brunell, J. E. Stockholm. 

A set of Penholders. $1.00. 

Cervin, C. G. Hesselby, Stockholm. 

Model of a School-house. 

Mr. Cervin, late owner of Hesselby es- 
tate, situated in the parish of Spanga, nine Eng. 
miles from Stockholm, established, in 1873, a 
school for the benefit of his tenants. The cost of 
the building was $3000 gold. At present sixty 
children receive daily instruction. The building 
contains, besides a large school-room, four rooms 
and two kitchens for the master and the govern- 
ess of the school, It is sourrounded by a garden 
in which every pupil has his own little plot to 
cultivate. The scholars are instructed in read- 
ing, writing, religion, history, geography and 
arithmetic, besides which a tailor, a shomaker 
and a cooper teach the children, at times, their 
different professions. The girls receive lessons 
in sewing from the governess. 

244. Collective Exhibition of the R. Swedish 
Commission. 

(Partakers in the Collective Exhibition; 
Anderberg, Ida ; Anderson, N. J.; Arrhenius, J.; 
Askerberg, F. C. ; Beckman, J. ; Beijer, F. ; 
Berg, F. J.; Bonnier, Alb.; Borgman, Hilda; 



5* 



Educational Systems, Methods, and Libraries. 



Burman, Conny; Carlsson, Mathilda; Dalstrom* 
J. G.; Ekberg, H.; Ekman, P. J.; Erdmann, Edv.; 
Ewerlof, F.; Fritze, C. E.; Gernandt, C. E.; 
Hartelius, F. J.; Hasselgren, L. C.; Hedlund, 
S. A.; Huldberg, P. A.; Hiibenette, A.; Hiibe- 
nette, F.; Hornsten, Jenny; Klemming & Co.; 
Lindblad, J.; Lindstrom, H.; Ling, H.; Litho- 
grafiska Atiebolaget, Norrkoping ; Loven, N. H.; 
Lundh, L. A.; Lundholm, Pr,: Lundholm, T.; 
Lundin, F.; Lundstrom, Laura : Lyth, G. W.; 
Mentzer, F. A. von; Norstedt, P. A. & Sons; 
Olafson, J.; Peterson, H.; Petterson, Lotten; 
Samson & Wallin ; Sandstrom, Andr.; Siljestrom, 
P.; Sjolander, C. O.; Sjostrom, Th.; Smitt, F. A.; 
Smitt, J. W.; Stille, Alb. ; the Economical Sur- 
vey of Sweden ; the Primary School at Finspong ; 
the Primary Schools in Stockholm; the Society 
for the Promoting of Useful Knowledges ; the 
Topographical Survey of Sweden ; Wadner, L. 
A.; Wallberg, M. V.; Wallberg, Octavia ; Wall- 
quist, A. L.; Ostling, G.) 

A Primary Country school-house with 
accessories of furniture, books, maps and ap- 
paratus for instruction. Architects, IsyEUS and 
Jacobson. Size 40 feet by 50 feet. Situated in 
the exhibition grounds, north of the Main build- 
ing. A one-story frame house, containing school- 
rooms and the interior arrangements of a Swedish 
school-house. The frame-work for the building 
was imported from Sweden, and is on exhibition 
by G. O. WengstroM, of Stockholm. 

Model of an elementary school-house. 

Swedish common school material. 

(All Prices in Dollars Gold.) 

RELIGION. 

1. The Holy Bible: Swedish Bible Soci 

ety's edition. (°-75) 

2. The Holy Bible, Illustrated. (3.35) 

3. The New Testament, (larger). (0.25) 

4. " " " (smaller). (0.20) 

5. Bible Manual, by Berg. (0.60) 
> 6. Short Bible Manual, by Ekeborg 

. (0.10) 

7. Introduction to Old and New Testa 

ment, by Broden. (°-5°) 

8. The hymnal and prayer-book. (0.90) 

9. " " with chorals. (°-^S) 
10. Luther's Small Catechism, with ex 

planations, by Lindblom. (0.07) 



11. Luther's Small Catechism, with ex- 

planations, by HULTKRANTZ. (0.07). 

12. Catechism, by Flodman. (0-25). 

13. " " Lindberg. (o.io). 

14. " " Bergquist. (0.25). 

15. " " OSTBERG. (0.07). 

16. The Revised Catechism. (0.25). 

17. Revised Catechism, by BjoRLlNG. 

18. Biblical History, by Hallberg. (0.25). 

19. " " " Roos. (0.07). 

20. " " " Holmgren. 

(0.30). 

21. " " " Kurtz. (0.45). 

22. " " " Sandberg. 

(o.io). 

23. " f< " Hubner. (0.30). 

24. " " " Pettersson. 

(o.io). 

25. " " " Steinmetz. 

(0.07). 

" " Akerblom. 

(0.07). 

" " Ekeborgh. 

(0.07). 

" SONDEN. (0.07). 



26. 



27- 



28. 



32. 



33 



" " BOHM. (0.07). 

" Landgren. 

(0.07). 

" " Welander. 

(0.30). 

" " Lundgren. 

(0.07). 

" " Backman. 

(0.07). 

34. History of the Swedish Church, by 

Anjou. (0.60). 

35. Bible-Atlas, by Wadner. (0.30). 

36. Map of Palestine, by Steinmetz. 

(o.io). 

37. Map of Palestine, by Mentzer and 

Wadner. (i- 2 5)- 

38. Biblical pictures. (2.80). 

THE SWEDISH LANGUAGE. 

39. Vocabulary, by the Swedish Acad- 

emy. (i- 2 5). 

40. Swedish Dictionary, by Dalin. (2.00). 

41. Swedish Synonymes, by Dalin. (0.85). 



Educational Systems, Methods, and Libraries. 



57 



42. Word-families of the Swedish Lan- 
guage, by Dalin. (0-85). 

43. Foreign words, by Dalin. ( 2 -75)- 

44. Swedish Grammar for elementary 

schools, by Sunden. (0.75). 

45. Swedish Grammar for common schools, 

by Sunden. (°-!5)- 

46. Swedish Grammar for common schools, 

by Uppmark. (°- 2 5)- 

47. Swedish Grammar for common schools, 

by Broden. (°-3°)- 

48. Swedish ortography, by SUNDEN. 

(0.15). 

49. " " " Almqvist. 

(o.i 5 ). 

50. Reader for the common school. 

(0-45)- 

51. Swedish reader, by Sunden & Modin. 

(0.65). 

52. Reader, by Bjursten. (i.io). 

53. " " Svedbom. (°-85). 

54. " " SlLJESTROM. (O.I5). 

55. " " Backman. (°-5°)- 

56. " " Landgren. (0.35). 

57. " " Glasell. (0-85). 

58. " " Kyhlberg. (o^S). 

59. " " Cnattingius. (0.30). 

60. " " VlNGE. (°- 2 5)- 

61. Poetic reader, by Oman. (o-^)- 

62. Historic-poetical reader, by Lindblad. 

(o.75)- 

63. Patriotic reader, by Hazelius. (0.85). 

64. Histoiy of the Swedish language and 

literature, by Claesson. (0.35). 

65. History of the Norwegian andjDanish 

literature, by Uppmark. (°-35)- 

66. Reader for children, by Topelius. 

(2.75). 

67. Reader for the primary school, by 

Kastman. (0.20). 

68. Reader for the primary school, by 

Sandberg. (o-I5)- 

69. Primmer, for the primary school, by 

Sandberg. (0.20). 

70. New Primmer, by Rancken. (0.15). 

71. Box containing alphabet. C 1 -^)- 



ARITHMETIC AND GEOMETRY. 

72. Arithmetic (larger) by SiljestroM. 

(O.I2). 

73. " (smaller) " " (0.10). 

74. " " Backman. 

(0.30). 

75. " " Nystrom. 

(0.60). 

76. Elementary course in Arithmetic, by 

Bergius. (o-45)' 

77. Arithmetic, by Sievers. (0.25). 

78. " " Landgren. (0.52). 

}9. " " PlHLSTRAND. (O.35). 

80. Exercises in Calculation, by Silje- 

STROM. (o-JS)- 

81. " " by NORDLUND. 

(0.2s). 

82. Arithmetic Problems, by Segerstedt. 

(I.IO). 
8^. Mental Arithmetic, by Segerstedt. 

(6.30). 

84. Formulas and book-keeping, by Seger- 

stedt. (0.10). 

85. Geometry for the Common School, 

by Liljestrom. (0.12). 

86. Elementary Geometry, by Bergius. 

(0.65). 

87. Geometry and linear drawing, by Ber- 

gius. (045)- 

88. Geometry for the Common School, by 

Backman. (0.20). 

89. Geometry, by Segerstedt. (0.15). 

90. Geometry, by Bjorkman. (o-I5)- 

91 . Table of Swedish measures, weights, etc. 

(0.15). 

92. Calculating-staffs. (o- 2 5)- 

93. Abacus, (larger). (°-75)- 
94 " (smaller). (1.75). 

95. Apparatus for instruction in Arithmetic , 

by Nordlund. (12.50). 

96. Calculating cube. (5-°o). 

97. Box with smaller calculating cubes. 

(100). 

98. Stereometrical figures. (7-°°)- 

99. Conical sections. (1.00). 
100. Compasses and protractor. (3-5°)» 



58 



Educational Systems, Methods, and Libraries. 



HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 

ioi. Textbook of Swedish History, by Star- 
back, (o-^)- 

1 02. Narratives from Swedish History, by 

Starback. (5-5°)- 

103. Swedish Historical Reader, by Star- 

back. (0.50). 

104. Swedish Historical Text-book (larger), 

by Odhner. (0-85). 

105. Swedish Historical Text-book (medi- 

um), by Odhner. (o-45)- 

106. Swedish Historical Text-book (small- 

er), by Odhner. (o-^)- 

107. Pictures and narratives from Swedish 

history, by Sandberg. (°-3°)- 

108. Text-book of Swedish history, by 

Kastman and Brunius. (0.15). 

109. Pictures from the universal history, by 

Kastman and Brunius. (0.40). 

no. Text-book of universal history, by 

Palin. (0.60). 

ill. The History of the Middle Ages, by 

Palin. (°-5°)- 

112. Text-book of universal history, by 

Wennerstrom. (0.20). 

113. Historical Reader, by Sjogren. (1.15). 

114. Historical Reader, by Spilhammar. 

(i-75). 

115. Text-book of Geography, by Erslev. 

(0.15). 

116. Geography for the Common School, by 

Erslev. (o-^)- 

117. Text-book of Geogrphy, by Backman. 

(0.25). 

118. " " " " Alund. 

(0.15). 

119. Geographical Pictures, by Kastman & 

Brunius. (°-5°)- 

120. Notable places in Sweden, by Star- 

back. (o-I5)- 

121. Sweden, Illustrated. (1-85). 

122. The Swedish people, by Wallander. 

(5.60). 

123. Our country and people, by Schuck. 

(1.40). 

124. Geographic-historic Reader, by Hof- 

BERG & LjUNGSTEDT. (°-45)- 

125. The Regents of Sweden. (0.85). 



126. Atlas to the Swedish history, by Wi- 

BERG & MENTZER. (2.IO). 

127. Map of the Middle and Southern parts 

Sweden, by Hahr. (5-°°). 

128. Map of the Northern part of Sweden, 

by Hahr. (140). 

129. Country maps, by Larsson. (0.85). 

130. Atlas for the school and home (printed 

in Gotha), by Roth. (0.30). 

131. Map of Sweden, Norway, and Den- 

mark, by Roth. (1-85). 

132. County Atlas of Sweden, by Von Ment- 

zer. (3.50). 

133. School-Atlas, by Von Mentzer. 

(0.60). 

134. Atlas for Common Schools. (°- 2 5)» 

135. Political wall-map of Sweden and Nor- 

way, by Von Mentzer. (4.50). 

136. Physical wall-map of Sweden and Nor- 

way, by Von Mentzer. (4-5o). 

137. Map of Scandinavia, by Von Mentzer. 

(1.70). 

138. The Scandinavian North, by Von 

Mentzer. (°-35)- 

139. Historical Period of the Scandinavian 

North, by Von Mentzer. (0.60). 

140. Increase of the Swedish Power, by 

Von Mentzer. (0.20). 

141. Illustrated Statistics, by Von Ment- 

zer. (2.50). 

142. Map of Europe, by Von Mentzer. 

(0.30). 

143. Map of America, by Von Mentzer. 

(o-45). 

144. Map of Asia, by Von Mentzer. 

(0.45). 

145. Map of the World, by Von Mentzer. 

(0.60). 

146. Maps of the Economical Survey. (0.60). 

147. Geographical tables (edited by the So- 

ciety for popular instruction). (0.70). 

148. For geographical intuitive instruction 

and map-drawing, by Abergh. (0.05). 

149. Terrestrial globe (larger). (17.00). 

" " (smaller). (3.40). 

150. Celestial globe. (8.50). 

151. Tellurion and lunary. (9.80). 

152. Black-board map for elementary geo- 

graphical instruction. (8.50). 



Educational Systems, Methods, and Libraries. 



59 



NATURAL SCIENCE. 

153. Natural History reader, by Berlin. 

(o-45)- 

154. Text-book of Natural History, by Ber- 

lin. (025). 

155. Text-book of Natural History, by Ce- 

lander. (°-3o). 

156. Natural History, by Segerstedt. 

(0.25). 

157. Text-book of Natural History, by 

Paykull. (0.20). 

158. Outlines of zoological study, by Torin. 

(I.I5). 

159. Zoology, by Torin. (1.15). 

160. Text-book of zoology, by Milne-Ed- 

ward & Thorell. (0.80). 

161. Manual of zoology, by Holmgren. 

(4.85). 

162. Useful and injurious insects, by Holm- 

gren. (o.35)- 

163. Natural History, by Backman. (0.30). 

164. Short review of the natural history of 

animals. (o.io). 

165. Charts of the human body. (4- 2 5)- 

166. Charts of the animal kingdom. (8.50). 

167. Atlas of the Scandinavian Mammals, 

by Meves. (5- 2 5)- 

168. Zoological walltable, by SCHUMBURG. 

(i-75). 

169. Swedish Birds, by Von Wright. 

(35-o°). 

170. Scandinavian Fishes, by Von Wright 

& Fries. (15.00). 

171. Useful wild animals, by Arrhenius. 

(0.15). 

172. Elementary course in Botany, by Ar- 

rhenius. (1.20). 

173. First principles of Botany, by Arrhe- 

nius. (0-25)- 

174. Esculent Mushrooms of the North, by 

Arrhenius. (0.60). 

175. Natural families of plants, by Thorin. 

(0.30). 

176. Pictures from the vegetable kingdom, 

by Fries. (0.60). 

177. Excursion Fauna, by Wahlstrom. 

(0.30). 



178. Directions for collecting and arranging 

objects from the vegetable kingdom. 
(0.10). 

179. Botanical wall-tables, by Andersson. 

(4-5o). 

180. School Herbarium, by WlNSLOw, 

(5.00). 

181. Chemical composition of the Fodder- 

plants, by Muller. (°-45)- 

182. Swedish Woods. (5-6o). 

183. Our best esculent Lichens. (0.10). 

184. The esculent and poisonous mushrooms 

of Scandinavia (with engraved tables), 
by Smith. (2.80). 

185. Outlines of general Physics, by Fock. 

(1. 00). 

186. Textbook of Physics, by Fock and 

Dahlander. (3- 10 )- 

187. Textbook of Geology, by Bergstrand. 

(1.40). 

188. Intuition in Mineralogy, by Anderson. 

(0.24). 

189. The Mineral Kingdom, by Paykull. 

(0.15). 

190. Textbook of Mineralogy and Geology, 

by Paykull. (°-35)- 

191. Geological wall-tables, by Erdmann. 

. (2-80). 

192. Collection of Minerals, by Anderberg. 

(12.50). 

193. Atlas of Natural History, by Ohlsson. 

(0.50). 

194. Brehm's Life of Mammals, Illustrated. 

by Smith and Lindahl. (3-5°). 

195. Pictures for the school and home, by 

Sandberg. (2.20). 

196. Map of Zones. (i-7°)- 

197. Astronomical Diagrams. (3-5°) • 

198. Agricultural Wall-tables. (i-4<>)- 

199. Physical Apparatus. 

Lampstand with Berzelius' alcohol- 
lamp. (3- 6 °)- 
Glassblower's lamp with table. (8.40). 

Balance with Sp. Grav. apparatus. 

(5.60). 

Hydrostatic apparatus. (1.10). 

Air-pump used for both attenuation 

and compression . ( 1 1 .00) # 



6o 



Educational Systems, Methods, and Libraries. 



Waterpump, suction and force-pump. 

(5.60). 
Lever. (0-85). 

Pendulumstand with two pendulums. 

(1.40). 
Elasticity, bars of iron and steel. (0.30). 
Barometer. (3-5°)- 

Thermometer. (°-3°)« 

Bar-Magnets. (i.io). 

Compass. (2.20). 

3 Glass Lenses. {^A )- 

Telescope, (astronomical and terres- 
trial). (2.80). 
Microscope. (4.20). 
Glass-prism. (°'3°)- 
Concave Mirror. (1.60). 
Convex " (1.60). 
Electrical Machine. (7-5°)- 
Ley den Jar. (0.60). 
Electric Pile, (2 elements). (2.25). 
Electro-magnet. (2.80). 
Centrifugal machine. (8.40). 
Incline plane. (5-6o). 
Pulley. (3.50). 
Parallelogram of forces. (4.00). 
Adhesive plates. ( I -75)- 
Pyrometer. (6.25). 
Apparatus to show the condition of 



heat by solids. 
Apparatus for showing 

pressure of liquids. 
Magdeburg-hemispheres. 
Glass bell. 
Fall tube. 

Globe, for weighing air. 
Sound plate, on a foot. 
Tuning Fork. 
Fiddle bow. 
Etc., etc. 

CALLIGRAPHY. 



the 



(1.70). 
upward 
(6.25). 
(4.20). 
(0.60). 
(4.20) 

(3-5°)- 
(2.25). 

(°45). 
(0.60) 



200. Course in writing for trade-schools. 

(0.60). 

201. Course in writing, by Meijerberg. 

(0.10). 

202. " « " by Sandberg. (0.15). 



203. Copy book, by Von Mentzer. (0.25). 

204. " « Engdahl. (o.io). 

205. " " Croomard. (0.60). 

DRAWING. 

206. Wall-tables for drawing, I. and II. 

(4.20). 

207. Course in drawing, by Nyberg. (1.40). 

208. " " " Burman. (0.80). 

209. " " " Saloman.(8.4o). 

210. Course in drawing. (0.80). 

211. Lessons in drawing, by Messman. 

(4.20). 

212. Elementary course in geometrical 

forms and drawing, by J. E. B. (0.70). 

213. Blocks for instruction in drawing(6 # 75). 

MUSIC AND SINGING. 

214. Book of chorals of the Swedish church, 

by Haeffner. (2.20). 

215. Book of chorals of the Swedish church, 

for the home and school, by Haeff 
NER. (°-7°)« 

216. The Swedish book of hymns, with 

chorals and other religious songs, 
by Mankkll. (1.40). 

217. The choral melodies of the Swedish 

church, by RYDGREN. (0.20). 

218. The choral melodies, by Tornvall. 

(o.ic). 

219. Singing bcok for the schools, by T6RN- 

VALL. (o-^)- 

220. Schoolsongs, by Josepiison. (0.70). 

221. Singing book for the common school, 

by Sandberg. (0.25). 

222. Singing book for schools, by Sandberc. 

223. Book of melodies, by Sandberg. (0.15). 

224. Art of singing, by Cronhamn. (0.60). 

225. Vocal music, by Sandberg. (o.io). 

226. Harmonics, by Lundh. (0.60). 

227. Tone hitting, by Lundh. (0-25). 

228. Preludes for organ, by Lundh. (1.40). 

229. Singing-tables in Sol. jFa., by Sand- 

berg. 

230. Monochord. (o<i$)' 



Educational Systems, Methods, and Libraries. 



61 



GYMNASTICS AND MANUAL OF 
ARMS. 

231. Regulations for gymnastics, by Ling. 

(0.15). 

232. Direction for instruction in gymnastics, 

by Nyblaeus. (°-i5)- 

233. Gymnastics for girls, by Santesson. 

(0.30). 

234. Manual of gymnastics, by Hartelius. 

HORTICULTURE. 

235. Horticultural manual, by Dahlberg. 

(P-3S). 

236. Textbook of horticulture, by Lindgren. 

(o.iS). 

237. " " " " Holm. 

(0.90). 

238. " " " " Eneroth. 

(0.10). 

PEDAGOGY AND METHODIC. 

239. Contributions to pedagogy and method- 

ic, by Anjou & Kastman. (0.85). 

240. Pedagogy and methodic, by Oldberg 

(060). 

241. " for teachers of common 
schools, by Wallin. (0.40). 

242. Schoolmaster's art, by Dahm. (0.65). 

243. Pedagogical directions, by Sandberg. 

(0.30). 

244. Artof instruction, by Sandberg. (0.60). 

245. The infant school, I — IV., by SAND- 

BERG. (i-5o)- 

246. On religious instruction, by TOREN. 

(0.30). 

247. Instruction in the mother tongue, by 

Kastman. (0.25). 

248. Geometry in the common school, by 

Segerstedt. (o-i5)« 

249. Directions regarding calculating staffs, 

for the common schools, by Stein- 

METZ. (°- 2 5)- 

250. Thoughts about the history of the fa- 

therland in the common school, 
by Starback. (°-°5)- 

251. Methodic for calligraphy, by Croom- 

ard. (0.60). 

252. The Sol-Fa method, by SANDBERG. 

(0.10). 



253. Something about gymnastics and man- 

ual of arms as a means of general 
education, by Nyblaeus. (0.15). 

254. On schoolgardens, by Eneroth. (0.15). 

255. The history of the Swedish school- 

systems, by Broden. (°- 2 S)- 

256. The Swedish common school, by Ru- 

DENSCHOLD. (0.40) . 

256. The common school in Sweden, by 

Eneroth. (i.oo). 

257. History of the popular instruction in 

Sweden, by Poulsson. ( x - 2 5). 

259. Childhood's Paradise. (1.00). 

260. The last reports of the Inspectors of the 

common schools. 

261. The Common School Journal. (0.80). 

262. The Pedagogical Magazine. (i-5o). 

SCHOOL-HOUSES, SCHOOL-FURNI- 
TURE, Etc. 

263. Drawings of school-houses with des- 

criptions. (0.80). 

265. Ventilating " calorifere " for schools, 

constructed by Bolinder. 

266. Airpurifying apparatus, constructed by 

Stille. ( 2 -25). 

267. School desks. (4-Oo). 

268. Chathedra with chair. (20.00). 

269. Map case. (10.00). 

270. Slates. (o-l5)- 

271. Slatewiper. (0.20). 

272. Maphook, ruler and pointer. (0.70). 

273. Bell and signal whistle. (°-5°)- 



SCHOOL AND PARISH LIBRARY, 

consisting of about 1 000 volumes on religion, 
history, geography, natural history, travels, poetry, 
etc., of which a special catalogue will be found in 
the school house. 

245. Erdmann, Edw. Stockholm. 

6 Geographical diagrams for schools. 

Models illustrating common geological phe- 
nomena. $5.00. 

Prev. aw. : The original drawings of the 
diagrams were exhibited in Vienna, 1873, and re- 
warded with honorable mention ; the first printed 
edition was published in the beginning of 1873, tne 
second edition was exhibited at the geographical 



62 



Educational Systems, Methods, and Libraries. 



congress of Paris, 1875, and rewarded with 
honorable mention. The models are freshly 
executed, never before exhibited. 

246. Glomsta Fabrik. Glomsta Carpenters' 

Work. Huddinge. 
Universal school-form. 

247. Lewenhaupt, CI. M., Count; Claestorp. 

Katrineholm. 
Toys, Split Shavings for mats, etc. 

The objects exhibited are manufactured in 
an industrial school, established in the year 1872, 
on the Claestorp estate, owned by the exhibitor. 
This school is superintended by two teachers prac- 
ticed in carpenter-work, turning, basket-making* 
brush-making and several other trades. These 
two persons, instruct boys from 7 to 15 years of 
age, on all week days, from 6 A. M. to 6 P. M.; 
there is neither tuition, nor any set hours for the 
coming and going of the pupils. A strict record 
is kept of the number of hours each boy works, 
and every 10 hours reckoned as a day. The 
work done by the children is inspected every 
Saturday, and they are paid for all work that is 
delivered in a finished condition. As an example 
of how much a boy can earn in this manner, it 
may be stated that a 14 year old boy earned in 
143 days, 75.32 Kr., another 13 years old, in 215 
days, 88.76 Kr. This method has been found to 
be much more advantageous, than that of giving 
instruction alone, as the immediate reward for 
their work is their strongest incentive to industry. 

It is of course necessary to choose such 
work, as will enable even 7 year old children, 
with their inferior strength, to get some small 
earnings. When the children have learned a 
certain kind of work, as for instance, to carve 
certain kinds of toys, animals or the like, they 
only make the rough outlines in the schools, and 
complete the details at home by the fireside, during 
the long winter evenings. 

As the intention has been to introduce some 
new kind of home industry in the neighborhood, 
as for instance, the manufacture of straw-shoes? 
straw-wrappings for bottles, door and floor 
mats of rush, covering of bottles with rush, 
plaiting of slippers from lists, etc., a lady has 
been induced to learn how to do this kind of 
work, and to undertake the instruction of others. 
All articles thus manufactured are bought by the 
owner of the estate, at a fixed price, which is 
regulated by the market price of the article. The 
latter, which always exceeds the former, by so 



much as will cover the interest and risk on the 
capital invested, is always communicated to the 
operatives, whereby it is sought to impress upon 
them the fact, that employers and employees, if 
the interests of both are to be promoted, are mu- 
tually dependent upon each other. To rightly 
engraft this on the minds of the rising generation 
is the principal aim of these schools, as the only 
means of preventing strikes, equally ruinous to 
both parties. 

248. Lindblad, M. A. Stockholm. 
About 100 dried plants, to demonstrate 

the morphology of vegetable types, $15.00 gold. 
Cryptogamic types, 25,00 " 

249. Lundholm, C. A. V. Stockholm. 

An organ, $65.00 gold. 

An organ, 36.00 " 

250. Nordlund, K. Gefle. 

Apparatus for instruction in Arithme- 
tic, $40.00 gold. 

251. Schlyter, G. R., p. D. Karlskrona. 
Roman Garbs, with illustrations and de- 
scription . 

Tunica (laticlava), $2.00 gold. 

Toga (praetexta), 7.00 " 

Chlamys, 1.50 " 

252. Svensson, A. Stockholm. 

Stuffed mammals, birds and fishes, 

$100.00 gold. 

253. Wiman & Co. Stockholm. 

A stove, #55.00 gold. 

Model of a stove, 14.00 " 

254. Winslow, A. P., P. D. Goteborg. 
Herbarium for schools, $5.00 gold. 
The Herbarium contains the most common 

and important Swedish trees and shrubs, fodder, 
medicinal, and poisonous plants, weeds, lichens,, 
used as bread-surrogate in times of need, and 
several other plants of economical importance in 
other respects. 

The herbariums were first made in 1 868. 

London, 1871, diploma; Moscow, 1872, 
silver medal; Goteborg, 1 87 1, silver medal; 
Vienna, 1873, medal of merit. 

255. Vrana Folkhogskola. Vrana National 

High-School; by W. Nauckhoff. 
Vrana. 
Samples of pupils works. 

256. Zanders, H. Norrkoping. 
Drawings of gymnastical apparatus. 



Educational Systems, Methods, and Libparies. 



<*3 



CLASS 301. 



257. A. W. Brunius. Captain R. Fortif. C 

Stockholm. 

Books by the exhibitor's father, the late 
Professor C. G. Brunius of the University of 
Lund, containing several treaties upon Archeology 
and Architecture, some of them illustrated. 20 
volumes. 



258. Fries, Th. M., p. £>. Uppsala 
Spitzbergen-Herbarium. 

259. Ramsay, Ebba, Mrs. Goteborg. 
Colored Spitsbergen-plants. 

260. Windrufva, Sven. Stockholm. 
Scandanavian Herbarium. 



CLASS 302. 



261. Alnarps Landtbruks-lnstitut. Alnarp 

School of Agricultit? e ; by Hj. Nath- 

orst. Akarp. 

Maps and drawings of the school build- 
ings. 

Photographs of Domestic Animals, 
belonging to the school, and a Collection of 
plants from the farms of the school. 

262. Collective Exhibition of the Technical 
Elementary Schools at Boras, Eskils- 
tuna, Malmo, Norrkoping, Stockholm, 
and Orebro. 

Works of Pupils. 

263. Hennings, R. T. Lund, Orebro. 
Methods and means of instruction used 

in the lower agricultural schools in Sweden. 

264. Royal War Department, by the Inspector 
of the Military schools. Stockholm. 



Works made by the students at the Mili- 
tary school of Karlberg, and the military high- 
school of Marieberg. 

265. Staaf, P. 0. Stockholm. 
Account-books and hand-books in 

calculating woodwares, for dealers in wood, 
managers at saw-mills, foresters, a. o. ' $0.35 
gold. 

Prev. aw.: The Agricultural Exhibition, at 
Mariestad, 1 874, silver medal. 

266. Wulff, H. A. Applerum, Kalmar. 
Scheme of Instruction at the agricultural 

school of Applerum. 

Drawings of farm buildings and imple- 
ments, with Specimens of soil and agricultural 
products. 



CLASS 303. 



267. 



268. 



269. 



Arbetshemmet for Blinda. Working 
Home for the Blind; by O. E. Borg, 
Stockholm. 

Basket-work, made by blind pupils. 

Allmanna Institutet for Dofstumma och 
Blinda. Public Institute for Deaf 
Dumb and Blind. Manilla, Stock- 
holm. 

Pupils' Works. 

Borg. 0. E. Manilla, Stockholm. 



Combined apparatus for speaking and 
hearing, for half deaf and dumb. 

Symbolical vocabulary for the instruction 
of deaf and dumb. 

270. Holm. F. J. W. Manilla, Stockholm. 

Model of the Gymnastic-Hall at the In- 
stitute for the deaf and dumb at Manilla. 

271. Olsson, Magnus, Blind, Deaf and Dumb. 

Mailing, Lima. 
Willow-furniture. 



6 4 



Educational Systems, Methods, and Libraries. 



CLASS 303. 



272. Kongl.StatistiskaCentral-Byran, Roy. 
Statistical Central Bureau ; Stock- 
holm. 
Statistical diagrams. 



273. Sidenbladh, Elis, P. D. Stockholm. 
Statistical Accounts of Sweden. 



CLASS 306. 



274. Aktiebolaget Klemmings Antiquariat 

och Sortiment. Klemmings Anti- 
quarian and Modern Library Co, 
Lim j Stockholm. 
Old Books. 

Books, printed in Sweden in the sixteenth, 
seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, with ac- 
counts of the earliest Swedish settlements in 
America, by Achr^lius, Campanius Holm, 
Hemmersam, Koping, Schooten, Usselinx, 
etc. 

275. Central-Tryckeriets Aktiebolag. The 

Central Printing Co.., Lim.j by Dr. 
C. J. Fahlcrantz, Stockholm. 
Typographical productions. 

This company, which was established in 
1873, with the purpose of carrying on a "printing 
business, and auxiliary industries," took possess- 
ion of the Lithographical Institute of Messrs. 
Schlachter & Seedorf on June 1st of the same 
year, and erected a building 186 feet long, 51 
feet wide, and four stories high, besides attic and 
basement. The company commenced, during the 
summer and fall of 1874, operations in the other 
branches of the business. The Central Printing 
Establishment at present embraces book-binding, 
and cartoon shop, type and stereotype foundry, 
lithographical and galvanoplastic establishments, 
book publishing and stationery business. 

The company uses 12 typographical lightning 
steam presses of different constructions, 4 litho- 
graphical lightning steam presses, 23 hand presses, 
3 satineer presses, 2 hydraulic presses, and 4 type 
founding presses, besides stone polishing, guil- 
loche, perforating, lineation, numbering, and 
other machines. The lightning presses, satineer 
presses, and two elevators, by means of which 
all transports between the different stories are 
made, are run by a steam engine of twenty-five 
horse power, from the boiler of which the steam, 



for the heating of the entire building, is fur- 
nished. 

There are about 200 persons employed in 
all the departments, the majority of which are 
men, women being, with two or three exceptions, 
employed only in the bindery and on the satineer 
presses. 

The value of the production for 1875, the 
first year during which all the branches of the 
business have been in uninterrupted operation, 
cannot at the present writing be stated, but will 
probably exceed $140,000 gold. 

Previous awards to the Lithographical De- 
partment, Copenhagen, 1872, silver medal; Vi- 
enna, 1873, medal of merit. 

For the benefit of the workmen are estab- 
lished a sick and burial fund, and in the base- 
ment of the building a restaurant. 
276. Gumaelius Arvid. Orebro. 

Allehanda for Folket, — "The Work- 
men's Magazine," an illustrated weekly. 

This publication was started in i873,withan 
average edition of 4,500, which was doubled in 
1874, and quadrupled the following year. 

Terms of subscriptions : 

For one year, . 40 cts. gold. 

For three months . 13 cts. " 

Manager : Arvid Gum^lius. 

Editors : Arvid Gumaelius, V. E. Oman, 
Otto Serrander. 

Contributors : 

Poetry and General Literature : Bottiger, 
Gumaslius, Godecke, Hedberg, Hermelin, John, 
"Onkel Adam", Sander. 

Agriculture: Arrhenius, Bergstrand, Pfen- 
ning, Spaak. 

Mining and Geology : O. Gumselius, Erd- 
manm 

Archeology : Montelius, Hofberg. 

Miscellany: Gylden (Astronomy), Norden- 



Institutions and Organizations. 






skiold (Mineralogy and Arctic Explorations), 
Wrangel (Sport), and others. 

An able corps of artists, and also home and 
foreign correspondents — a special one for the 
Centennial — are employed. 

The illustrations consist mostly of illustri- 
ous and public men, noteworthy places and 
events, natural objects, &c. 

277. Key Axel. Prof, of Medicine, Stock- 
holm. 

Nordiskt Medicinskt Archiv, a medical 
periodical paper, edited by the exhibitor, with 
contributions from all the leading medical authors 
of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland. 

This paper was started 1869, and is pub- 
lished quarterly. Since 1873 eacn number is 



provided with a summary in French of all the 
original articles contained in that number. Pre- 
sent edition, 1,050 copies. The price, which 
varies according to size and number of illustra- 
tions, averages $2.80 gold a year. 

278. Key Axel and Retzius, Gustaf, Profess- 

ors of Medicine, Stockholm. 

Studies in the Anatomy of the Nervous 
System and Connective Tissue, (in the Ger- 
man language), 1st part, with 39 plates. Folio. 
$44.00 gold. Agent for America, Westerman, 
New York. 

"Ur Var Tids Forskning," a periodical 
paper upon popular science. 

279. The Roy. Swedish Commission. 
Collection of all newspapers at present 

published in Sweden. 



B. — Institutions and Organizations. 

Import- Duty in 



All Articles for the use of any society or institution 
for philosophical, educational, scientific or literary 
purposes, or encouragement of the fine arts, and not 
intended for sale, . . . 



United State> 



free. 



Sweden. 



CLASS 312. 



280. Hammer's Museum. Stockholm. 

Photographs, Descriptions, and Cata- 
logues of the Museum. 

281. Nordenski6ld,A. E., Prof. R. Ac. Sci- 

ence, Stockholm. 

Meteorite from the Isle of Disco, Green- 
land, discovered by the exhibitor, 1870; de- 
scriptions published by Daubree, Lindstrom, 



Nauckhoff, Nordenskiold, Steenstrup,von 
Tschermak, Wohler, etc. ; a summary of all 
these descriptions being published by W. Flight 
in the Geol Magazine, 1875. 

282. Norrbottens Lans Kongl, Hushall- 
nings-Sallskap. Roy. Economical So- 
ciety of the Lan of Norrbotten, Lulea. 
Lapplanders' Costumes and Utensils. 



C. — Scientific and Philosophical Instruments and Methods. 



CLASS 320. 



283. Goteborgs &. Bohus Lans Kongl Hus- 
hallnings Sallskap, Roy. Agricultural 
Society of the Lan of Goteborg 6° 
Bohus, by Professor F. L. Ekman. 



Deep Water Drawer. 
Marine Evaporimeters. 
Prev. aw. Geographical Congress, Paris, 
1875, silver medals. 



*The apparatus used in deep sea dredging, and soundings, were greatly improved by Prof. S. Loven, and later by 
Prof. O. Torell, who may be said to have been the first to have produced positive proofs of abundant animal life at 
greater ocean depths, when in 1859 in Greenland, and in 1861 off Spitzbergen, he dredged up numbers of well developed 
specimens of vertebrates from depths varying from 300 to 1500 fathoms, thus exploding the Forbesian theory of a life 
limit at about 300 fathoms. The instruments used by the Swedish Naturalists have been further improved and adapted 
for deep-sea researches by the English, and especially by J. Gwyn Jeffkeys, F. R. S.,in the amply outfitted expedi- 



66 



Scientific and Philosophical Instruments and Methods. 



The Deep Water Drawer is so constructed 
as to enable one to obtain a specimen of sea wa- 
ter from any desirable depth, for which it is only 
necessary to sink the instrument to the required 
depth ; as soon as its downward movement is 
arrested, encloses a quantity of water which can 
then be brought to the surface without being 
mixed with water from a lesser depth, and free 
from air except that which is contained in the 
water at that depth. The articles exhibited are 
accompanied with printed descriptions. 

The drawings exhibited, show the means by 
which the yearly evaporation over the Skager- 
Rack coast is determined. 

Upon the suggestion of Count A. Ehrens ward, 
Governor of Bohus Lan, the Agricultural Society 
established an observatory in 1 874, for the obser- 
vation of the evaporation and all phenomena 
connected with it, also the height of the water 
currents, changes in the quantity of salt in the 
water and temperature at different seasons. The 
Society predicts that these data will be of great 
value, especially to such as are dependent upon 
the production of the sea as the chief source of 
their livelihood. 

284. Gundberg, J. W. L. Stockholm. 

Sieves and vessels for cleaning and pre- 
serving zoological specimens. 

285 Leja Joseph. Stockholm. 
Thermometer. 

286. Lindahl, Josua. P.D. Lund. 

Apparatus for Scientific explorations of 
the sea, viz : dredges, conical seive, seive-box, 
seive-scoop, towing-nets, sets of copper- and 
glass-vessels, etc. 

Current Drag, being a modification of the 
Current Drag invented by Capt. Calver, R. Engl. 
N., for the deep-sea exploring expedition in H. 
M. S. Porcupine, 1870. 

287. Ljungstrom, J. P. Stockholm. 



Surveyor's Tripod ; distinguished from 
others in the manner of the leg attachment, in a 
special contrivance for accurate adjustment by 
means of an eccentric disc, and in the plane- 
table. 

Distance Telescope, with self-regulating 
scale of distances, giving Cosines' square of the 
distances read in the inclined telescope, or re- 
ducing them to horizontal distances. 

Circular Planimeter, which gives the 
area of any plane figure from 5 square millime- 
tres to upwards of six square metres in size in a 
single operation and with great accuracy. 

Mirror-graphometer, intended for graph- 
ically measuring angles in the field without the 
use of the tripod, to be used in reconnoitering, 
in off-hand surveying and in the graphical solving 
of the Pothenot-probletn . 

Graphical Theodolite, for graphic sur- 
veyings and triangulations of the fourth order; 
the instrument is provided with distance tele- 
scope and scale of distance for Cosine-square as 
well as scale of height, both of them for direct 
reading. 

Pantograph, for direct copying of maps. 

Pr. Aw. Paris, Geogr. Congress, 1875, Ist 
medal, for the distance telescope. 

The three first mentioned instruments are 
the property of the Public Surveying Bureau, in 
Stockholm, the other three being new inventions 
are manufactured at the cost of the Swedish 
Government, and they belong to the State. 

288. Rose, J. L. Uppsala. 

Mining Magnetometer. 
2 Mining Compasses. 

Prev. Aw. 1st prize-medal of the Kongl 
Hushailnings Saliskapet in Uppsala. 

289. Theoreil, A. G., P. Z>.,and S6rensen,P. 

Stockholm. 



tions in Her Majesty's Ships Lightning and Porcupine, 1869—70. Many of these improvements, and some purely Eng- 
lish apparatus, were introduced into Sweden again by J. Lindahl, assistant zoologist to the English Expedition of 1870, 
and used by him in the expedition of 1871, to Greenland and Newfoundland, and by Prof. Nordenskiold and his com- 
panions in the expeditions to Spitzbergen, 1872—3, and to Nova Zembla, 1875, as well as by several other Swedish Zoolo- 
gists off the coast of Sweden.. Among the English apparatus may especially be mentioned Captain Calver's,(F. R. S.,) 
"Hempen Tangle." All the apparatus was modified a little for use on smaller steamers and sailing vessels. A very- 
important step in the investigation of sea waters from different depths was gained by Prof. F. L. Ekman, who, a few 
years ago, invented an apparatus, for obtaining samples of water from any required deprh; this apparatus, which sug- 
gested to Dr. H. A. Meyer the idea of his " Wasserschopfapparat," used in the Scientific Exploration of the German 
Ocean, an improvement of questionable value, has been further improved by the inventor during the last year. Among 
the various apparatuses used for bringing up ooze, etc., from the sea bottom, should be mentioned those of Capt. F. A. 
Arvidson, R. N., Chief of the Hydrographical office, and that of Lieut. C. H. Ramsten, R. N. Both of these appa- 
ratus are distinguished for great simplicity and practicableness.. The latest Swedish invention of this class is Dr. M. 
Vibkrg's " Botttenhuggare," being a so-called Bull-dog Machine attached to a buoy which lifts the apparatus to the 
surface as soon as the weight is detached, by striking the bottom of the sea. It was invented on the appl ; cation of Prof. 
Nordenskiold, for the expedition to Nova Zembla and Kara Sea, 1875, and was used with great success. A great part 
of this apparatus is exhibited at the Centennial. 



Scientific and Philosophical Instruments and Methods. 



67 



Theorell's Printing Meteorograph. 

(#7,000 gold.) 
Meteorological observations are shown by 
this instrument on tables printed on a slip of 
paper. 

The registration takes place by means of 
electrical currents, which are closed in the ba- 
rometer and both the thermometers by contact 
between the quicksilver and steel wires that de- 
scend into their tubes, and at the weather-cock 
and anemometer by contact between a metal 
knob, which is put into motion by the current, 
and a wheel, which is in a direct mechanic com- 
bination with each of these instruments. 

The interval between the observations is a 
quarter of an hour. 

A meteorgraph of this construction has now 
been used at Uppsala observatory for 2 years, and 
during that time it has made 4 observations every 
hour without causing any perceptible change in 
the surface either of the quicksilver or the steel 
wires, that could in any way affect either the free 
efficiency of the instrument or its degree of ac- 
curacy, which, throughout the whole time, has 
been found to be as above stated. 

As the clock, which determines the times of 
the observations, does not require winding up, 
the instrument itself restoring the tension of the 
mainspring every quarter of an hour, it continues 
going as long as the impellent force, i. e. the 
electric current is maintained ; and as the slip of 



paper applied lasts for fully 3 months, it is clear 
that that is the period for which the instrument 
may be left to itself. The work then requisite is 
little more than taking out, cutting, and sewing 
up, in order, the paper of observations, and re- 
placing it by another slip. Thus, this instrument 
requires but very little time and labor from the 
person who takes charge of it. 

A printing Meteorograph differing from this 
only so far that the latter has been improved and 
perfected in several details, has been constructed 
by the same mechanician Mr. Sorensen for the 
Imperial Central Establishment for meteorology 
in Vienna, where it has been in daily use since 
September, 1874; and during that time it has 
given exact and true observations. A description 
of this Meteorograph is inserted in " Zeitschrift 
der Osterreichischen Gesellschaft fiir Meterologie r 
redigirt von C .Jelinek und J. Hann." Volume 
X, Nis. 16 and 17. 

The principle on which this instrument has 
been constructed, may be adopted with the same 
advantage for observing the particulars of any 
other phenomenon, provided they can be indi- 
cated by an index which produces a galvanic 
contact. 

290. Wiberg, M. P. D. Stockholm. 

Bottenhuggare, or "Bulldog apparatus" 
for deep sea soundings. 

Agent in Philadelphia, Dr. H. A. W. LlN- 

DEHN. 



CLASS 321. 



291. Brehmer, E. F. A. Stockholm. 

Ticket Registering apparatus with date 
stamp, such as used on the railroads of the 
Swedish Government. 

Guillotine Stamps. 

Drill Press. 

Levelling Instrument, water-level of 



Prev. aw. : Vienna, 1873, diploma of honor. 

292. Petterson,C. J. Karlshamn. 
Calculating machine. 

293. Unge, V. T., R. A. Stockholm. 
Distance-watch, for military use. 

294. Wiberg, M„ P. D. Stockholm. 
Logarithmical tables, calculated and 

printed by a counting machine, invented by the 



(Paper-cutting machine. — See CI. 546). ' exhibitor. 



CLASS 323. 



295. Linderoth, G. W. Stockholm. Pendulum Clock. 



68 



Scientific and Philosophical Instruments and Methods. 



CLASS 326. 



296. Otter, C. G. von, Baron, Captain R. N. 
Stockholm. 

Signal Lantern with registering apparatus, 
Controller, invented by the exhibitor, manufac- 
tured by G. W. Lyth. 

The Lantern is intended for transmitting 
signals at night, both at sea and on land, and at 
distances not exceeding eight to ten miles; the 
Controller for registering given or received sig- 
nals, its aim being principally to prevent errors. 

The system used in telegraphing is the same 
which has lately been tried and partly adopted 
in several countries; but the means are different. 

Morses' 1 telegraphic lines and dots are rep- 
resented by long and short flashes, letters and 
figures, by various grottps of flashes. Flashes be- 
longing to the same group are separated by dark 
intervals of short duration, groups and sentences 
by dark intervals of longer duration (pauses), the 
extent of the latter being limited by the skill and 
of the operators. 

Two strings are suspended from the lan- 
tern and passed through the controller. By pul- 
ling the one of these strings long flashes (lines) 
are produced, and by pulling the other, short 
flashes (dots). By pulling a third string, hanging 
down from the controller, between the two strings 
from the lantern, a pause will be produced, and 
the signalized letters or figures is impressed on a 
self-acting forthcoming strip of paper. 

The strings should be pulled with even 
force and to their full extent, but without jerking. 

Signalling between two or more places is 
effected in the most convenient and sure manner, 



by each receiver of a signal repeating on his 
lantern and controller the signs conveyed. The 
communication is thereby printed on the above 
mentioned strip of paper, without it being neces- 
sary for the receiver to understand the telegraphic 
characters. 

The lantern may also be employed inde- 
pendently of the controller in transmitting sig- 
nals and vice-versa., the controller used inde- 
pendently of the lantern in receiving signals. In 
the latter case, three keys, attached to the upper 
part of the controller should be used instead of 
the corresponding strings. 

A suitable weight attached to the block 
under the lantern brings into action a proposed 
new method of distinguishing lights from each 
other, rendered necessary by their increasing 
number. It is proposed that each light, on the 
principle of the above signals, shall describe its 
name every alternate or every third minute, by 
combinations of long and short flashes ; for the 
exact reading of which a simple and easily- 
worked apparatus is annexed. 

These lights may be either revolving or 
fixed. In the former case the flashes will be 
produced by lenses, in the latter by Venetian 
blinds as shown in the model. 

The lantern exhibited gives the signal : 



which signifies P. N. (Pater Noster, a rock with 
lighthouse off the west coast of Sweden). 

297. Kuntze & Co. Stockholm. 
Air Telegraph. 



CLASS 327. 



Instruments, Musical, n. o. p. f. 

Pianos, 

Organs and Harmoniums, 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

30 per cent. per piece, I krona. 
" " " " 60 kr. 

'• " 5 per cent. 



298. Ahlberg & Ohlson, by L. Ohlson. 
Stockholm. 
Brass Instruments, cornet in A flat, 
cornet in E flat, cornet in B flat, alto-horn in E 
flat, tenor, horn in B flat, tenor, bassoon in B flat, 
bombardon in F, bass-tuba in F. The instru- 



ments are all hand-made, and munufactured 
from brass and german silver. 

Pr. aw.: Stockholm, 1851, silver medal; 
London, 1 85 1, bronze medal; Stockholm, 1866, 
silver medal; Paris, 1867, silver medal. 

Manufacture commenced in 1850. 



Engineering, Charts, Maps and Graphic Representations. 



69 



15 to 20 workmen are employed, with 
wages from $4.50 to $8.50 gold, per week. 

The annual production amounts to $8,500 
to $12,000 gold, on which a tax of $12 gold is 
paid to the government and $47 gold is paid to 
the community. 

The annual exports are about 30 instru- 
ments to Finland and Norway, and occasional 
instruments to America and Melbourne. 

299. Lundholm, C. A. V. Stockholm. 

School-Organs and Harmoniums. 

The manufacturing began in 1874, giving 
employment to 17 men and women. Value of 
production during the first year about $7,000 



gold. Agencies in Umea, Sundsvall, Gefle, 
Norrk oping, etc. 10 to 15 per cent, discount at 
wholesale. 

300. Malmsjo, J. G. Goteborg. 
Pianos. 

Prev. aw. in Copenhagen, Goteborg, Karl- 
stad, London, Malmo, Paris, Rugby (Engl.), 
Stockholm, Uddewalla, Venersborg and Vienna. 

The pianos are mostly sold in Sweden, or 
exported to England and Finland. 

The factory was founded in 1845, an( l 
gives employment to 40 workmen, with an aver- 
age pay of $1 1 gold per week ; the steam-engine 
used has a capacity of 8 H. P. 



CLASS 333. 



30t. Norrman, C. G. V., Captain, R. A. 
Stockholm. 



Model of a Pontoon -Bridge, with 
printed description. 



D. — Engineering, Architecture, Charts, Maps, and Graphic Representations. 



CLASS 335. 



302. Bagge, G. P., Captain. Paris, France. 
Geographical Map. 

303. Erdmann, E. Stockholm. 
Geological Maps and Models. 

304. Kongl-Svenska General-Staben, Roy. 

SwedisJi Staff- General ; by Baron 
Hugo Raab. Stockholm. 
Topographical Maps. 

305. Nordenskiuld, A. E, Pi-qfessor. 

Map of the route followed by the Swedish 
expedition, 1 875, to Kara Sea and Jenisey. 

306. Roth,Magn.,7>. D. Stockolm. 
Geographical Maps. 

307. Sahlbom, W. Stockholm. 

Maps, showing the yearly development of 
the Swedish Railroads from 1845 to 1875, mc l- 

Trev. aw.: Moscow, 1872, silver medal; 
Vienna, 1873, diploma of honor. 



308. Sveriges Ekonomiska Kartverk. The 

Economical Survey of Sweden. 
Stockholm. 
Economical and Agronomical Maps. 

309. Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning. 

The Geological Survey of Sweden by 
Professor Otto Martin Torell. Stock- 
holm. 

Geological Maps of Sweden, illustrated 
with printed descriptions (and collections of 
minerals, rocks, and soils. See cl. 100.) 

The institution was started by the Swedish 
government 1858, the late Professor A. Erdmann 
being its first Director. At present the scien- 
tific staff consists of (except the chief) 11 
geologists constantly employed, and a varying 
number of assistants in the field works during 
the summers. The appropriation for 1876 is 
$195,00 gold. 



7° 



Physical, Social and Moral Condition of Man. 




E. — Physical, Social and Moral Condition of Man. 



CLASS 340. 



310. Zander Gustaf, M. D. Stockholm. 
Apparatus for Mechanical Gymnastics. 

Photographs representing the interior of 
the Mechanico-Therapeutical Institute in Stock- 
holm, with the apparatus. 

The apparatus exhibited consists of 12 differ- 
ent machines, of which 7 are intended for active 
movements and 5, which are worked by steam, 
for passive ones. The whole set forms a part of 
the gymnastic apparatus used in the Mechanico- 
Therapeutic Institute of Stockholm. 

This institution was established in 1865 by 
a chartered corporation under the direction and 
management of Dr. Zander, who is the inventor 
of all its apparatus. Gymnastics have long been 
honored in Sweden. Professors Ling and Brant- 
ING were the first to apply scientific principles to 
this art, which aims at developing the organs of 
the human body by appropriate and well-defined 
movements of the muscular system. While 
athletics tend to develope one particular power, 
gymnastics produce the harmonious development 
of all. Moreover gymnastics are brought to bear 
on the human body as a curative agent. It re- 
quires for that purpose a greater precision and 
regularity of movement as well as a slow and 
gradual increase in the use of the muscular 
power. Before Dr. Zander's inventions, manual 
gymnastics were considered the best calculated 
to insure the necessary precision. The patient 
was placed in charge of an experienced gymnast 
by whom he was put through all the different 
exercises. Of these some, called active move- 
ments, were performed partly by the patient him- 
self, the gymnast moderating it by offering a 
certain resistance to it, partly by the gymnast, 
the patient being made to resist his action. 
Others called passive movements consisted of 
certain mechanical operations by the gymnast 
on the whole or a part of the body of the patient, 
such as shaking, chopping, rubbing, etc. 

Dr. Zander, during his experience as a 
gymnast, was struck by the difficulty of adapting 
the amount of force to be used by the gymnast 
exactly to the strength of the patient. Too much 
would cause a strain, too little would be useless. 
To remedy this defect it occurred to him to 



replace the gymnast by machines, as the move- 
ment of these would always be the same and 
their effects could be regulated to a nicety to suit 
all constitutions. It is this idea which has been 
carried out by the Mechanico-Therapeutical In- 
stitution. No less than 50 different machines 
are now in use in this establishment, of which a 
great number are worked by steam. These 
latter are intended for passive movements. All 
have numbered scales or other contrivances, 
which enable the patient to regulate their force 
and gradually to increase the action of his mus- 
cular system, as well as to ascertain exactly how 
much he may have gained in power. 

The success of Dr. Zander's invention is 
best demonstratad by the fact that since the open- 
ing of this institute the number of patients has 
steadily increased from 132 in 1865 to 900 in 
1876. Of these latter 200 were ladies. The 
establishment is largely attended, not only by 
those who seek in gymnastics a cure for some 
particular disease, especially heart disease, but 
also by those who want to find in it a preventive 
against the evils engendered by a sedentary life 
and the seclusion of office. The movements 
being performed with the aid of machines, which 
never tire, never need rest, and are not subject to 
illness, as is unfortunately the case with gym- 
nasts, the establishment is able to receive a much 
larger number of patients than any gymnastic 
institute could accommodate. It has thus popu- 
larized the science and placed its beneficial in- 
fluence within the reach of very moderate means. 

The machines exhibited are used for the 
following movements : 

No. I. Arm-twisting, \ Active 

2. Hand-flexion and extension, \ movement 

3. Arm-abduction, J of the arms. 

4. Leg-flexion, ] Active 

5. Leg-abduction, >- movement 

6. Foot-rolling, j of the legs. 

7. Trunk-back -flexion, Active movement of 

the trunk. 

8. Shaking or vibrating, ~\ 

9 "S h °P pi !£ l Passive 

10. hoot ,,-ubbing, t movements. 

1 1. Trunk -rollingr, 

12. Chest-spanning, 



Physical, Social and Moral Condition of Man. 



7i 



This set of machines can be sold at a price 
of $3*300 gold. A complete system, consisting 
of 30 machines for active movements and 18 for 
passive movements, will be delivered on board 
in Stockholm for $15,000 gold. 

Beside this Institution in Stockholm, Dr. 
Zander has supplied 5 other towns with similar 
establishments. 

311. Roy. Swedish Commission. 

Collection of Swedish Bank-Notes, 

comprising all kinds at present in use as well as 
those of the last three decenniums. 

Collection of the Swedish Gold-, Sil- 
ver-, and Bronze-coins at present in use. 

312. Lindehn, H. A. W MJ P. D. Stockholm, 
(present addr., Swedish Commission, Philadel- 
phia.) 

Swedish Patent Letter-Box, invented 
by Dr. Martin Wiberg, Stockholm. 
Description : — 
The Swedish Patent Letter-Box, is so 



constructed that a letter-carrier may collect the 
letters from several letter-boxes in one bag with- 
out having any means of access to the letters 
collected. To effect this object, the fixed letter- 
boxes are constructed so that their bottoms open 
downwards, and the bag of the letter-carrier is 
fitted at the shop with an iron frame in which 
there is a door opening downwards, or towards 
the interior of the bag. This bag slides under 
the fixed letter-box in such manner that the lock- 
bolts of the bag press upwards against those of 
the letter-box, by which means the bag and the 
letter-box become locked together, and afterwards 
open, so that the letters fall down out of the 
letter-box into the bag. By a lever, fitted to the 
door of the bag, both the doors are again lifted 
up, upon which, the bag and the letter-box 
become re-locked and the bag is detached. The 
letter-carrier then takes the bag to the next box, 
when the same process is repeated. 

(Signed) M. Wiberg. 



DEPARTMENT IV. 



ART. 



Import-Duty 
United States. 
Statues of marble or wood, carved, 

" " bronze, . . . . 

" " plaster and terra cotta, cast, . . 40 

Paintings, all n. o. p. f., . . . . JO 

Photographic pictures or views, . . 20 

(Works of art, etc., imported for museums, etc., see page 65.) 



10 per cent. 
35 " 



in 

Sweden, 
free. 



^4.— Sculpture 



CLASS 400. 



313. Borjeson, J. Rome. 

a. Naiads, group in plaster, 

(The same in marble, $7000.) 



ALL PRICES IN DOLLARS GOLD 
b 



$ 5°°. 



Psyche, statue in plaster, 

(The same in marble, $3500.) 



$ 500. 



CLASS 405. 



314. Lundmark, A. Stockholm. 
Carved implements for the writing-desk. 

$1.67. 

315. Ostergren, Johan Peter. Westerns. 
Woodcarvings, representing scenes from 

the second Article of Faith, carved in two divis- 
ions, each from a single block, without any glu- 
ing whatever. The lower division represents the 
birth of Christ, his resurrection, ascension, and 
suffering in the garden of Gethsemane. The 
upper division shows the taking down of Christ, 
from the cross. 

Chess-board with carved pieces, which 



are symbolical of the struggle now going on be- 
tween ultramontanism and the modern spirit in 
Germany. On one side of the board appear the 
Emperor William and the Empress Augusta as 
Kingand Queen, Prince Bismarck and the Minis- 
ter FALK as Bishops ; the Knights are Prussian 
Uhlans and the Pawns are soldiers and recruits. 
On the other side stands Pio IX. as King, while 
the Queen is an Abbess holding a wnxen taper 
well-nigh burned out. The Bull ops are Cardinals, 
the Knights are Monks riding on asses and the 
Pawns are Monks on foot. 

316. Wastfelt, Carl C : son. Kolingsholm. 
Carvings in Wood. 



B. — Painting. 
CLASS 410. 



317. Adelskold, C. Stockholm. 

a. Preparing for dinner, $800. 

b. A gale on the coast of Sweden, 480. 



318. Ankarkrona, H. 

Stockholm. 



Assoc. Ac. F. Art*. 



Painting. 



73 



a. Evening Prayer in the desert, $400. 

b. View from the boundaries of Algiers 

and Morocco, $400. 

319. Arborelius, 0. P. U. Assoc. Ac. F. 

Arts. Stockholm. 

a. View from Mora, Dalarne, $300. 

b. Winter Landscape, $200. 

320. Arsenius, Joh. Assoc. Ac. F. Arts. 

Stockholm. 
On the Ice, $230. 

321. Bennet, C, Baron. Stockholm. 
Royal Palace, Stockholm, $220. 

322. Berg, Albert. Assoc. Ac. F. Arts. 

Stockholm. 

a. Marine. $280- 

b. View from Stockholm Skargard. #280. 

c. Winter in the'Skargard. $280. 

d. Moonlight. $280. 

323. Berg, Edv. K. N. S., Professor Ac. 

F. Arts. Stockholm. 

a. Fishing-harbor on the coast of Bohus 

Lan. #1,400. 

b. Birch-forest. $i,4 00 - 

c. Waterfall in Smaland, (N. M.) 
d. Interior view of Pine-forest, (N. M.) 

Prev. aw., Medals in Paris, Hague, Lon- 
don, Copenhagen and Vienna. 

324. Bergman, Elizabeth, Miss. Stock- 

holm. 
Landscape in Vermland. $55. 

325. Bergstedt, Amanda. Stockholm. 
Returned lesson. # r 75- 

326. Billing, Th., Memb. Ac. F. Arts. 

Stockholm. 
Landscape in North Sweden. #350. 

327. Boklund, J. Chr., Director of the Roy. 

Academy of Fine Arts, K. N. S. 
Stockholm. 

a. Marauder pursuing his prey. #580. 

b. Consultation, Gustaf II Adolf and three 

warriors, (N. M.) 

328. Brandelius, P., Lieutenant R. A., 
Memb. Ac. F. Arts. Stockholm. 



Dangerous Excursion. $1,000. 

329. Borjesson, Agnes, Miss, Memb. 

Acad. F. Arts. Rome, Italy. 

a. Farewell. $900. 

b. A happy finding, $300. 
Prev. aw.: Medal in Vienna, 1873. 

330. Cantzler, H.,f late Assoc. Ac. F. 

Arts. 

a. Northern Landscape. $300. 

b. Reaping in Italy. $300. 

331. Cedergren, P. N. Stockholm. 
View of Stockholm. $280. 

332. Cederstrom, G., Baron. Assoc. Ac. 

F. Arts. Stockholm. 
Dark moments, $1,000 

333. Dietrichson, M., Mrs. Kristiania, 

Norway. 
The recovered document. $400. 

334. Ekstrom, P. Stockholm. 

Summer Evening. $800 gold. 

335. Engstrom, V. 0. Diisseldorf, Ger- 

many. 

a. Good Morning ! $200. 

b. Bird of prey catching a rabbit. $400. 

336. Fagerlin, F. K. N. L.j Me?nb. Ac. 
F. Arts. Diisseldorf, Germany. 

a. Smoking Boys, (N. M.) 

b. Jealousy, (N. M.) 
Prev. aw. : Medals in Paris, 1867, and 

Vienna, 1873. 

337. Fahlgren, C. A. Stockholm. 
Landscape. $300. 

338. Hafstrom, A. G. Diisseldorf, Ger- 

many. 
A Captured Frenchman. $360. 

339. Hermelin, 0. Baron, Assoc. Ac. F. 

Arts, Commissioner for the Swedish 
Art- Department. Stockholm. 

a. Winter-Day, neighborhood of Stockholm. 

#1000. 

b. Poor People's Grave-yard, near Stock- 

holm, #1000. 

c. The First Snow. #600. 

d. Fishing-place, near Stockholm. $400. 

e. Spring-day on Mont Martre. #320. 



74 



Painting. 



/. Sunny day on Mont Martre. #120. 

g. In a Stockholm Suburb. $250. 

h. Church of St. Pierre, Paris. $250. 

i. Returning Home. $120. 

k. Landscape, in Sodermanland, $120. 

/. Birch-forest. $120. 

m. Autumn-day at Djurgarden, 

Stockholm. $120. 

n. Fishing-harbor, near Stockholm. $280. 

340. Hertzberg, A. G. Assoc. Ac. F. Arts. 

Stockholm. 
Going to Confirmation, (N. M.) 

341. Holm, P. D., Professor Ac. F. Arts. 

Stockholm. 

a. In the Mining-districts of Wermland, 

(N. M.) 

b. In the Forest. $525. 

342. Holmlund, Josefina, Miss. Stock- 

holm. 

Fredrika Bremer's First and Last 
Home. $250. 

343. Hoist, F. G., von, Captain, R. A. 
Stockholm. 

a. Sheep on the Pasture, $350 

b. A Fruitless Attempt. $350 

344. Hockert, J., late Professor R. Sw.Ac. 
F. Arts, K. Leg. Hon. Stockholm. 

(Ob. 1866.) 
Burning of the Royal Palace, Stock- 
holm, 1697. $2,500 
Prev. aw. : Medals in Paris, etc. 

345. Jernberg, A., Painter to the R. Sw. 
Court, Memb. Ac. F. Arts. Diissel- 
dorf, Germany. 

a. Marketday in Diisseldorf. $3,500 

b. The broken Pipe. (N. M.) 

c. Preparations to Festivals. $1,350 

d. Visitors in the Amsterdam Museum 

regarding Rembrandt's " Night- 
Watch." $1,000 
Prev. aw.: Medal in Vienna, 1873. 

346. Jernberg Olof. Diisseldorf, Germany. 
Swedish Landscape. $500 

347. Kallenberg, And., Assoc. Ac. F. Arts. 

Stockholm. 



a. Cattle in Skane. $800. 

b. Beech Forest. $550. 

c. Farmhouse in Skane, (N. M.) 

348. Kiorboe, C. ¥.,Memb. Ac. F. Arts: 

K. V.; K. Leg. Hon. Dijon, 

France. 
Dogs attacking a fox, (N. M.) 

Prev. aw.: Several medals in Paris. 

349. Koskull, A. G. B., Baron; Memb. Ac. 

F. Arts. Stockholm. 
The Boy and Wolves. $280. 

350. Kulle, Jacob. Stockholm. 

Bridal attendance in Skane. $680. 

351. Lindegren, Amalia, Miss, Memb. Ac. 

F. Arts. Stockholm. 

a. Father returned from market, (N. M.) 

b. Merriment at home, (N. M.) 

c. Girl with an orange, (N. M.) 

352. Lindman, A. Stockholm. 

Evening at the west coast of Sweden, 

$500. 

353. Lindstrom, A. 

Landscape, autumn, (N. M). 

354. Lofgren, Klara, Miss. Stockholm. 
Sorrow, # IIQ - 

355. Lonnroth, F., Captain, R. A. 

Sodrakulla, Boras. 
Norwegian Horses, $280. 

356. Malmstrom, J. A., Professor Ac. F. 

Arts. Stockholm. 
Dance of Elves, (N. M). 

357. Nilson, Severin. Paris, France. 

a. Sigurd Ring. $800. 
Sigurd Ring, king of Scandinavia and 

England, asked two petty-kings in Bohus, to 
give him their young sister, Alfsol for wife. At 
their refusal on account of his age, they were 
challenged to a battle. As they saw that they 
were to loose, they gave their sister poison. 
When, after the battle, King Ring found Alfsol 
dead, he loaded his draggon ship with the killed 
warriors, put fire to it and shaped for the ocean 
with his dead bride in his arms. 

b. The King of the Children. $400. 

c. Brother and Sister. $280. 



Painting. 



75 



358. Nordenberg, Bengt. Painter to the R. 

Sw. Court, Me?7ib. Ac. F. Arts. 
Diisseldorf, Germany. 

a. Dalecarlians put to flight by a Fire in 

the Forest. $850. 

b. Wedding in a Country Church. 

#850. 

c. Rest in a " Sater" (alpine dairy house) in 

Dalarne. (N. M.) 

d. The killed Sheep. 

Prev. aw.: Paris, 1863, honorable mention; 
Lyon, 1S66, and Vienna, 1873, medals. 

359. IMordgren, Anna, Miss. Paris, France. 

a. Italian Girl. $150. 

b. Genre. $60. 

360. Nordgren, Axel. Memb. Sw. Ac. F. 
Arts. Diisseldorf, Germany. 

a. View at the Promontory Kullen. 

Skane. $725. 

b. Coast Scenery. $440. 

361. Nordlander, Anna, Miss. Stockholm. 
The Toilet of the Favorite. $170. 

362. Palm, G. W. Memb. Sw. Ac. F. Arts. 
Stockholm. $660. 
View of Stockholm. 

363. Perseus, Edward. Stockholm. 
Parisian Maid. $350. 

364. Post, Christine, von, Miss. Paris, 
France. 

The Five Foolish Virgins at the Locked 
Door. |54,ooo gold. 

365. Ribbing, Sophie. London, England. 

a. Girl with Grapes. $150 

b. Girl at the Sater, (alpine dairy-house.) 

$100. 

c. The Gardener's Children. #900. 

d. Girl with Eggs. $150. 

366. Rosen, George, von, Count, Memb. 

Ac. F. Arts. Stockholm. 
Portrait of Count E. von Rosen, the 
Founder of the Sweedish Railroads. 

(N. M.) 

367. Rydberg, G. F. Memb. Ac. F. Arts. 

Stockholm. 

a. Winter — Landscape. (N. M.) 

b. Spring— Landscape. (N. M.) 

c. Landscape in Blekinge. (N. M.) 



368. Salmson, V. Assoc. Ac. F. Arts. 

Paris, France. 
Odalisque. 

369. Saloman, Geskel, Memb. Ac. F. 

Arts. Stockholm. 

a. Maid with an open letter. (N. M.) 

b. At the letter-box, $250- 
e. Religious ceremony on the coast of Al- 
giers. $250. 

370. Schwerin, A. von, Miss. Diisseldorf. 

a. Landscape with Cattle. $300. 

b. Landscape with Cattle. $45°- 

371. Sidwall, A., Miss. Paris. 
Mulatto-woman. $180. 

372. Skanberg, C. E. Paris, France. 

In the Spring — Interior of Beech Forest 
at Fontainebleau. $1,000 gold. 

373. Svensson, Fr, Stockholm. 

H. Sw. M. Frigate " Vanadis." $300. 

374. Sodergren, Sophie. Miss. Paris, 
France. 

French Coast — Landscape. $200. 

375. Torna, Oscar. Paris, France. 

a. Pine Forest, Sweden. $300. 

b. Moonlight, Sweden. $200. 

c. Birch Forest, Sweden. $300, 

376. Wahlberg, Alfred, Memb. Sw. Ac. F. 



K. 



Leg. 



Hon. 



Arts. K. W.j 
Paris, France. 
Landscape in Moonlight. 

Prev. aw. : Medals in Paris. 
Lyon, Copenhagen, etc. 

377. Wahlquist, E. Stockholm. 

a. Hunting Party. 

b. The Fortress Kronoborg. 

c. Smugglers. 

378. Wallander, V. Memb. Ac. F. 

Stockholm. 
Forge in the Forest, Dalarne. 

379. Wallander, V., Memb. Ac. F. 

and Torslow, H., Assoc. Ac. F. Arts. 
Stockholm. 

a. Norrland Scene. Shepherd making fire, 
the smoke of which keeps off the mosquitos 
Landscape by Torslow 



(N. M.) 
Vienna. 



#3°o. 
$300. 
$300. 
Arts. 

$300. 
Arts 



from the cattle. 



7 6 



Engraving and Photography. 



figures by Wallander. $800. 

b. Saturday Night on the Alpine Pastures, 
Delsbo, Helsingland. Landscape by Tors- 
low, figures by Wallander. $550. 

380. Werner, Gotthard. Naples, Italy. 
The Salamander, Christian Slave attend- 
ing at a Heathen Orgie in Rome. $550. 
Prev. aw.: Medal at the Exhib. of Christian 

Art in Rome, 1870. 

381. Winge, Hanna, Mrs. Stockholm. 

a. Sunday Morning at the Church of 
Rattvik, Dalarne. $200. 

b. Before Service. $200. 

382. Winge, M. E., K. W., Professor, Ac. 

F. Arts. Stockholm. 
a. Signe and Hagbard. 

Hagbard, a Sea-King from Trondhjem, 
Norway, and Signe, daughter of King Sigurd, 



had sworn for one another true love for ever. 
The sons of Sigurd, however, having killed 
Hagbard's brothers, he, Hagbard, claimed 
vengeance, and killed them, Once when in 
disguise, he ventured to call on Signe, he was 
discovered, captured and sentenced to be hung. 
When this execution was being performed, Signe 
put fire to her "maidens-house" and followed her 
bridegroom in death. $1600. 

b. Viking-fleet. $650. 

Prev. aw. : Stockholm, 1866, Diploma of 
Honor; Vienna,. 1 873, Medal for F. Arts. 

383. Virgin, A. J. G. Assoc. Ac. F. Arts. 

Stockholm. 

a. Letter-Box, Rattvik, Dalarne. $200. 

b. On the Meadow, Orsa, Dalarne, $150. 

384. Zetterstrom, A., Mrs. Paris, France. 
" What does she think of ?" #400. 



CLASS 411. 



385. Ahrenberg, J. Stockholm. 
City-Gate of Rouen. 

386. Blackstadius, J. L. Assoc. Ac. F. Arts. 

Stockholm. 

a. Miller's Cottage at Alvastra, $70. 

b. Uto in Stockholm's Skargard, #70. 

387. Gardell, Anna. Stockholm. 

a. Views from Skane. $110. 

b. A Spring-Day. $110. 

388. Hellquist, H. Paris, France. 





Genre. 


$175. 


389. 


Hagg, J. Lieutenant R. N. 
holm. 


Stock- 


a. 


On the River at Stockholm. 


$90. 


b. 


Man of War. 


$90. 


390. 


Kylberg, Regina. Stockholm. 
The Halsfors in Norway .] 




391. 


Larson, Virginia. Stockholm. 




a. 


Peasant Girl from Dalarne. 


$145- 


b. 


Swedish Landscape. 


$90. 



C. — Engraving and Lithography. 
CLASS 422. 
392. Meyer, Wilhelm. Stockholm. Autographical Specimens. 

CLASS 423. 



393. Cardon, J. Stockholm. 
Lithographs. 

394. Centraltryckeriets Akti 



See 



Lithograpical Products. 
395. Huldberg, Fr. Stockholm. 
Lithographs 



Photography. 



77 



D. — Photography. 



CLASS 430. 



396. Florman, G. Stockholm. 
Photographs. 

a. H. R. M. Oscar II., King of Sweden and 

Norway. 

b. H. R. M. Sophia, Queen or Sweden and 

Norway. 

c. The Royal Palace in Stockholm. 

397. Huldberg, Fr. Stockholm. 
Photographs. 

398. Lindahl, Axel. Goteborg. 
Photographic Views o f Stockholm, 

Goteborg and Trollhattan. 

399. Lundberg, W. A. Stockholm. 
Photograps on paper and glass. 

400. Lofstrom, Sophie, Miss. Uppsala. 
Photographic Portraits. 

Atelier opened, 1872. Prize medal obtained 
in Uppsala, 1873. 



401. Osti, Henri. Uppsala. 
Photographs. 

Prev. aw.: Uppsala, 1873, silver medal; 
Vienna, 1873, diploma of merit. 

402. Roesler, Rob. Stockholm. 
Photographic views of Stockholm, and 

environs ; Photographs for Xylography, pho- 
tographic printing plates of copper for He- 
liography, and Photo-typography. 

Prev. aw.: Stockholm, 1866, diploma of 
honor. 

403. Wiklund, 0. Westeras. 
Photographic views and portraits. 
Prev. aw.: Vienna, 1873, diploma of merit ; 

London, 1874, bronze medal. 

The atelier opened 1869; all the winter 
views taken in a car, especially constructed for 
the purpose, and in a temperature of 5 to 14 F. 



CLASS 431. 



404. Carleman, J. G. V. Stockholm. 

Specimens of the exhibitor's invention to 
transfer photographs from nature to metal plate, 
and to etch this plate for being used either in a 
common printing press or in a lithographic press. 



Prev. aw.: London, Moscow and Vienna. 

The engravings made in this way, cost at 
least 50 per cent, less than wood cuts, which 
they supercede in correctness, 



DEPARTMENT V. 



MACHINERY. 



A. — Machines, Tools, and Apparatus of Mining, Metallurgy, Chemistry, and 

the Extractive Arts. 



Machinery, Drawings and models of, and of other inventions, 
Iron, wrought, for ships, steam-engines, locomotives, or parts 
thereof, n. o. p. f., 
" axles, or parts thereof, ..... 

" locomotive-tire, or parts of, 
Steel, railway bars, ...... 

" manufactures, n. o. p. f. . 

(Compare Class in.) 



Import- Duty in 

United States. Sweden, 

free. free. 

per lb. 2 cts. free. 

" " 2^ " free. 

" " 3 " free. 

" " \% " free. 

45 per cent. free. 



CLASS 503. 



407. Nilson, G. Eskilstuna. Jacks. 



CLASS 504. 



408. Wiklund, W. Stockholm. Centrifugal pump. 



CLASS 505. 



409. Alsing, J. R. Stockholm. 

Model of Pulverizing- Cylinder, with 
samples of powders of hard substances. 

Prev. aw.: Stockholm, 1868, large silver 
medal. The only exhibition in which it has par- 
ticipated. 

Agents : C. P. Moller, St. Petersburg, Rus- 
sia; H. W. Konow, Paris, France; Messrs. A. 
W. Schmidt & Co., Hamburg, Germany. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1868. 

The cylinders are made of different sizes, 
and have been introduced into all the principal 
porcelain manufactories of Europe. 

Testimonials : 
St. Petersburg, Feb. 24, 1869. 
(No. 93.) 
The Imperial Bureau of Technology here- 



by certifies that the pulverizing cylinder of Mr. 
J. R. Alsing, has been tested by the Bureau with 
highly satisfactory results ; the cylinder pulveriz- 
ing the hardest subtances quickly and well, with 
a greater degree of economy, both of money and 
labor, than any other machine known to it. 
Therefore the Imperial Bureau, by order of his 
majesty, the Emperor of Russia, delivers the 
present certificate. 

Signed, 

W. Benjenkanof, 
Director of the Imperial Bureau of Technology. 
To Mesrs. A. W. Schmidt & Co., 

Brandenburger Strasse. 

(No. 45 E. V.) 
Dear Sirs : I have had one of Mr. Al- 
sing's " pulverizing cylinders " in constant use 
since last October ; it gives perfect satisfaction in 
every respect. In a day of 10 hours, it has pul- 
verized as many as 7 cwts. of feldspar, so finely 
that it was fit for immediate use without sieving. 
Signed, 

Moller, 
Director of the Royal Porcelain Manufact ures 



Machines and Tools for Working Metal, Wood, and Stone 



79 



410. Samuelson, S. H. Toskefors. 

(Peat.— see CI. ioi). 

Machine for the manufacture of Tube- 
Peat. 

The Tube-peat was invented by the exhibi- 
tor in 1863. In 1875 letters patent were granted 
on the improved machine now exhibited, for 7 
years. By the use of the tube form a much 
easier and more complete drying of the peat is 
obtained, so that by air-drying alone its percentage 
ol~ water can be reduced to from ic to 12 per 
cent. The combustion of the peat is also greatly 



facilitated. By the use of pistons in the pressing 
out of the tubes, the peats are of even thickness, 
which is not the case when a screw is used, as 
this, by wet and fat peat, is nearly inactive. For 
the working of the peat mass, the screw is ex- 
cellent; while the use of the knives for such 
purposes necessitates constant cleanings. 

The manufacture of the machines was 
commenced in 1864. 

About 200 machines are at present in use 
in Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland. 



B. — Machines and Tools for Working Metal, Wood, and Stone. 



CLASS 510. 



411. Bergstrom, J. W. Stockholm. 

Universal screw-cutting machine. 

412. J. & C. G. Bolinders Mekamska Verk- 

stads Aktiebolag. (See CI. 222). 
Sawing Machines. 

413. Stridsberg &. Biork ; by Ernst Strids- 

berg. Holmen, Torshalla. 

Blades for Frame-saws, Circular-saws 
Timber-saws, Wood-saws, Pit-saws, etc.; 
Machine-knives, Trowels, Ship-scrapers, 
Machine-plane-irons 
chine-knives, etc. 

Thin-sheet-iron. 

Prev. aw.: Stockholm, 
Goteborg, 1871, small gold 
1872. large gold medal. 

Agencies in Stockholm, Goteborg and Kri 
stiania. 

The manufacture was commenced in i860 



and M o w i n g-m a 



1868, 1st prize; 
medal ; Moscow, 



and employs at present, 63 men and 7 boys. 

The power required for the grinding works, 
is supplied by a water-wheel of 15 H. P. 

The power for running the rolling-mills 
for sheet-steel and iron, is supplied by a steam- 
engine of about 30 H. P. 

The raw materials annually used are : 

Steel, about 1,900 cwt. 
Iron, " 4,800 " 
Wood, " 600 cub. feet. 

The refuse, scrap from sheet-iron and steel, 
is sold for remelting. 

The exports go to Finland and Norway. 

The working men deposit from IO to 15 
per cent, of their earnings every pay-day, and are 
besides obliged to belong to a sick- and burial- 
fund, established among the workmen of this and 
other factories in the town. 
414. Fagersta Bruk. (See CI. in.) 

Saw Blades. 



CLASS 514. 
415. Sandvikens Jernverks Aktiebolag. (See CI. in.) Piston-Rod for a Steam-Hammer. 



CLASS 

416. Bolinders, J. &. C. G., Mekaniska 

Verkstads Aktiebolag. (See CI. 222.) 
Machine for making Metal Cartridges. 
Emery Wheels. 

417. Kopings Mekaniska Verkstads Aktie- 



5*4- 



bolag. Kdping Mechanical Works 
Co. Lim. By O. Hallstrom, K6- 
ping. 
Turning Machine. 



80 Machines, Apparatus, and Implements Used in Making Clothing, etc. 



D. — -Machines, Apparatus, and Implements Used in Sewing and Making 
Clothing and Ornamental Objects. 



CLASS 531. 



418. Hedlund, Joh. Eskilstuna. 
Twelve Sewing Machines. 



419. Husquarna Vapen Fabriks Aktiebolag. 

(See CI. 265.) 
Sewing Machines. 



E. — Machines and Apparatus for Type Setting, Printing, Stamping, Embossing, 
and for Making Books, and Paper Working. 

CLASS 546. 



420. Brehmer, E. F. A. Stockholm. 

Paper Cutting Machine, with a printed 
description of its use ; Paging Machine, 
printing 4 columns of figures ; Ticket 
Counting Machine, together with a Date 
Stamp, such as used on the railroads of 



the Swedish Government ; Drill Press, 
Leveling Instrument, Water Lever of 
Iron, Guilottine Stamp. 

Prev. aw. : Vienna, 1 873, diploma of honor. 

The manufacture of the paper cutting ma- 
chines commenced in 1870. 



F. — Motors and Apparatus for the Generation and Transmission of Power. 



CLASS 551. 



421. Atterberg, A. J. Rada, Hagforsen. 

Drawing of a Double Axial Turbine of 
130 H. P. by a fall of 26 feet. 

Two such run the saw mill at Munkfors, 
owned by the Uddeholm Manufacturing Co. 

Drawing of a Radial Turbine without 
guide bars. 

This turbine of 70 H. P., by a fall of 45 
feet, runs a rolling mill for Bessemer castings at 
Langbanshyttan, owned by the Lesjofors Manu- 
facturing Co. 

Drawings of Two Radial Turbines of 19 
H. P. each. 

By a fall of 45 feet supplies the power re- 
quired for the machine shop and iron foundry at 
Hagforsen. 



Drawing of a Double Axial Turbine of 
1000 H. P., by a fall of 80 feet intended to run 
the Bessemer blast engines at Hagforsen. 

Drawing of a Rapid Running Blast En- 
gine, for Bessemer works, Math slide and valve. 

422. Wenstrom, W. Orebro. 

Profile and Plan of a Turbine. 

This turbine was invented by the exhibitor 
in 1867, and patented in 1868; 40 specimens, 
with a total capacity of 2,700 H. P. are now in 
use in Sweden, also a few in Finland. 

Prev. aws. : The inventor obtained the 
Wallmark medal of the Royal Swedish Academy 
of Sciences, in Stockholm, 1871, and a medal at 
the International Exhibition in Moscow, 1873. 



Motors and Apparatus for the Generation and Transmission of Power. 8i 



CLASS 552. 



423. Kockum's Mekaniska Verkstads Akti- 
ebolag. Kockum Machine Manu- 
facturing Co-. Lim. Malmo. 

Two Steam Engines. One of these en- 
gines of about 25 nominal H. P. is provided with 
a safety valve of the exhibitors own system, be- 
sides, this machine has a surface condensor. The 
other engine of 3-4 nominal H. P. is intended 
for dairy use. 

Ship Models. Four models of vessels 
built during the year 1874, one of these is that 
of a transport steamer, of about 1,000 tons bur- 
den; two are smaller tug and passenger boats, 
and one is intended for the laying of torpedoes 
off the coast. 

The business of the company embraces, 
machine shops and ship yard, iron foundry and 
manufacture of railroad cars. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1842. 

The company employs 900 men with wages 
amounting to $240,000 gold annually. 

The power required is supplied by steam 
engines of about 100 nominal H. P. 

The value of the manufacture during 1874, 
amounted to 600,000 gold and for the last year 
shows an increase of about $70,000 gold. 

The government taxes for 1874 were $365 
gold and the community taxes $1,650 gold. 

The raw materials used during the same 
year consisted of: 

Steel, - - - 122 cwt. 

Wrought Iron, - 23,800 " 

Sheet Iron, - - - 1 1,1 11 " 

Pig Iron, - - - 30,000 " 

Sundry Metals - - - 620 " 

Anthracite Coal, - 150,000 cub. feet. 

Timber, - - 20,0000 " 

Sundry materials to the value of $100,000 gold. 

For the benefit of the workmen, are estab- 
lished, a sick fund, and a baking association. 
The company provides dwellings for them. 

424. Krlstinehamns Mekaniska Verkstad. 

Kristinehamn Machine Ma?iufact- 
uring Co., by H. Asplund. Kri- 
stinehamn. 

Marine Steam Engine, of Woolf's sys- 
tem, about 20 nominal H. P., with two cylinders 
one inside the other. 



Tank Engine, for 3 feet gauge, of new 
construction, patented in Sweden and England 
by Engineer Asplund. 

Railway Car Wheels. (See CI. 573.) 
Has not before participated in any exhibition. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1865, 
although then on a very small scale. 

In the machine shops are employed 200 
I men, whose average wages ai'e about $0.65 gold 
per day. 

The power required is supplied by 2 high- 
pressure steam engines of together 25 H. P. 

During 1874, were manufactured: 
Marine Engines of 30 H. P. Woolf's system, 4 

Locomotives, - - - - 5 

Passenger Cars, - - - 16 

Baggage Cars, - - - - 5 

Freight Cars, - - - - 1 17 

Switches and Turn-tables, - - 119 

Car Wheels, - - - - 164 

Car Wheel Boxes, - - - 124 

And sundry cuttings and works for neighboring 
works, etc., altogether with a value of $140,000 
gold, on which the government taxes were $280 
and the community taxes $640 gold. During 
1870, the value of the productions amounted to 
only $23,800 gold. 

. The raw materials used in 1874, consisted of: 
Cast Iron, - - - 8,500 cwt. 

Wrought and Sheet Iron, - 2,500 " 

Steel, - - 800 " 

Copper and Brass, - - 140 " 

Wood and sundry materials, to the value of $19,- 
000 gold. 

There is a sick and burial fund established 
by the company and supported by the workmen, 
who pay 2 per cent, of their earnings to the fund, 
and receive in case of sickness 50 per cent, of 

i their daily wages. 

The machine shops, which have a very ad- 
vantageous situation, close by the government 
railroad station, Kristinehamn, with tracks to the 
docks of the port, will be considerably extended 

! for the manufacture of locomotives and other 

! railroad material. 

425. Kopings, Mekaniska Verkstads Aktie- 
bolag. Koping. 

(See CI. 515.) 
Cast-iron Cylinders for 60 H. P. pro- 
peller steam engine. 



82 Hydraulic and Pneumatic Apparatus, Pumping, Hoisting, and Lifting 



CLASS 553 . 
426. Sandvikens JernverksAktiebolag (See CI. m.) Axles for Propellers. 

CLASS 555. 



427. Runquist, C. R. Stockholm. 

Oscillating Governors for running ma- 



chinery, and Oscillating Governors for steam 
engines, with printed description. 



G. — Hydraulic and Pneumatic Apparatus, Pumping, Hoisting, and Lifting. 

CLASS 560. 

428. Wiklund, W, Stockholm. Centrifugal Pump. 

CLASS 562. 

429. Atterberg, A. J. Hagforssen, Rada. Drawings of Blowing Engine. 



H. — Railway Plant, Rolling Stock, and Apparatus. 



CLASS 570. 



Bjorkman, C. R. Kristinehamn. 
Design of a Narrow Gauge Locomo- 
tive. 

430. Kristinehamns Mekaniska Verkstads 

Aktiebolag. Kristinehamn Machine 
Manufacturing Co. Lint., by H. 
Asplund. Kristinehamn. 

431. Locomotive, patented for engineer H. 

Asplund, in Sweden and England. 

The object of the construction of this spe- 
cies of locomotives is to produce, irrespective of 
the rail-gauge, sufficiently powerful engines, that 
is to say, to obtain space for an adequately large 
steam-boiler and fire-box. This object is ac- 
complished by arranging in front and immedi- 
ately adjacency of the fire-box, a transverse plate, 
which will operate a connection between the 
foremost frame-plates, running longitudinally in- 
side the drag-wheels, and the aft-plates, which 
are lying outside of the leader-wheels. 

With a view of utilising the increased en- 
gine-power, thus obtained, without increasing the 
pressure on the wheels and rails, the weight of 
the locomotive is spread over several coupled 



wheels, placed as close to one another as possible, 
in order to prevent the locomotive from wrench- 
ing and cranking, at curves, with comparatively 
short radius. 

The constructor has further had in view, by 
adapting so called radial axel-boxes, of his own 
invention, on the foremost or aftermost axle of 
the leader-wheels, entirely to counteract the con- 
sequences of the increased distance between the 
axles, produced by the adaptation of these wheels, 
that is to say, to prevent the aforesaid wrenchings 
and crankings, consequent thereon, at curves, 
with short radius. 

These radial axel-boxes are acting in such 
a manner, that the axle, on which they rest, at 
any curve, and whatever be its radius, takes the 
exact direction of that radius, producing, at the 
same time, the side-motion that is requisite, to 
prevent the wrenching. These radial axle-boxes 
will, moreover, become self-acting, from the cir- 
cumstance, that the under-side of the steer-block, 
lying on the rollers, is provided, at both ends, 
with a downward bend. 

When the wheel-axle, with its radial boxes 
is forced, at a curve, to move sideways and con- 



Aerial, Pneumatic, and Water Transportation. 



83 



sequently must work against the inclined planes, 
at the extremities of the Steer-block, then the 
axles and their boxes are forced back, by the 
same inclined planes, and will resume their form- 
er position, at the same moment that the side, 
pressure, at the end of the curve, ceases. By 



this means, the wheel-axle will always remain 
parallel with the other axles, when the locomo- 
tive goes on a straight road : but will commence 
sliding sidewise, whenever the locomotive enters 
into a curve. 



CLASS SIS- 



432. Adelskold, C. Stockholm. 
Radial Journal-Boxes. 

Prev. aw.: Copenhagen, 1872, medal of 
2nd das; Moscow, 1872, silver medal. 

The invention consists, in the journal hav- 
ing a flange, moving circularly in a correspond- 
ing excavation in the journal-box, whereby the 
axle, through the pressure of the wheel-flange 
against the outer rail on curves of the road, 
is placed radially. 

The boxes are used on the Uddevalla-We- 
nersborg-Herljunga Railroad, for locomotives; on 
the P&lsboda-Finspong R. R., for locomotives 
and cars ; on the Uppsala-Gefle R. R., for loco- 
motives and cars ; on the east Vermland R. R., 
and on the Lenna-Nas R. R., for locomotives. 

The advantages of the invention are : that 
the cars can have longer axle-boxes, whereby 
they run steadier; that the wear and the tear of 
the rails in curves, and of the tires is lessened ; 
and that the cars run nearly as easily on the 
curves, as on the straight road. 

433. Arboga Gjuteri och MekaniskaVerkstad. 

Arboga foundry and iron-works. 
Arboga. 

Wheels for Railroad-, tramway, and 
mine-cars, etc. 



Prev. aw. Stockholm, 1866, bronze medal 
Copenhagen, 1872, bronze medal. 

The works have two turbines of 30 H. P. 
160 men and 1 2 boys are constantly at work. An- 
nual production about 2,500 wheels of chilled 
cast-iron. The street car wheels are used on 
the tramways of Copenhagen, Edinburgh, Glas- 
gow, London, Moscow and Petersburg. 

434. Ekman, Carl. (See CI. in.) 
Railway Wheels. 

435. Fagersta Bruks Aktiebolag. (See CI. 
in.) 

Axles. 

436. Kristinehamns Mekaniska Verkstad. 

(See CI. 552.) 

Railway Wheels. 

437. Kopings Mekaniska Verkstads Aktie- 

bolag. Koping Machine Manufac- 
turing Co. Lim., by O. Hallstrom. 
Koping. 
Axles. 

438. Sandvikens Jerwerks Aktiebolag. 

Sandviken. See CI. in. 

Railway-wheels and axles. 



CLASS S74- 



439. Ankarsrums Bruk. (See CI. in.) 
Chilled Railway Switches. 

440. Ostrand, Herrman. Helsingborg. 



Design of Chilled Railway Switch. 

Many of these switches have been laid at 
the more important railway stations in Sweden. 



Aerial, Pneumatic, and Water Transportation. 
CLASS 591. 
Lesjofors Aktiebolag. (See CI. in.) Wire Cables. 



84 Aerial, Pneumatic, and Water Transportation, 



CLASS S94- 



442. Kockums Mekaniska Verkstad. (See 

ci. 552.) 

Models of Steamers and of a Torpedo 
Boat. 



443. Royal Swedish Commission. 

Models of Fishing Boats. (See CI. 647). 



CLASS 595 . 

444. Motala Mekaniska Verkstads Aktiebo- I Compound Marine Engine of about 35 

lag. Motala Lron and Steel Works. nominal, or 100 indicated H. P. 



DEPARTMENT VI. 



AGRICULTURE. 



-Arboriculture and Forest Products. 
CLASS 600. 

(For the Import- Duty compare class 227). 



New Gellivara Co. Lim.; by J. A. 

Wikstrom. Lulea. See CI. in. 
Sections of fir-timber, grown at 67 N. lat. 



Specimens of lumber from steam and 
water-power saw mills at the bay of Bothnia. 



C. — Agricultural Products. 



CLASS 620. 



Wheat, ..... 
Rye, ..... 

Barley, .... 

Oats, ..... 

Seeds, flax or linseed, 

" oil seeds, excepting flax or linseed, 
" agricultural, all n. o. p. f., 

445. Bjorkegren, E. Kalltorp, Orebo. 
Samples of cereals. 

446. Fogelmark, Sixten. Ava, Lulea. 

Wheat, rye and barley raised at Ava, 
the northernmost agricultural school on the earth* 
being located only 48 Eng. miles south of the 
North Polar Circle. 

Prev. aw.: Paris, 1867, bronze medal, and, 
1872, silver medal; Vienna, 1873, diploma of 
honor. 

447. Hagendahl, C. A. Orebro. 
Cereals and seeds. 

448. Hofmeister, Chr. Ingelstad, Kristi- 

anstad. 
Samples of wheat and barley. 

449. Hultenberg, C. A. Borgholm. 
Barley. 



Import -Duty in 
United States. Sweden, 

per bushel of 60 lbs., 20 cts. Free. 

56 « 15 « 
" 48 " 15 " 

" 32 " 10 " 

" 59 " 20 " 

per lb. % ct. 
20 per cent. 

450. Kalmar Lans Norra Hushallnings Sail- 

ska p. Agricultural Society of N. 
Kalmar. Westervik. 
Cereals. 

451. New Gellivara Co. Lim.; by J. A, 

Wikstrom. Lulea. See CI. 11 1. 



Agricultural 

wheat, rye, barley 
Milderstien. 

452 



products, specimens of 
and oats, from Svarta and 



Norrbottens Lans Hushallnings Sall- 
skap. The Agricultural Society of 
the Lan of Norrbotten ; by H. A. 
Widmark. Lulea. 

Specimens of agricultural products of 
the Lan. 

Potatoes from different parts of the Lan. 



S6 



Agricultural Products. 



Rye, Barley, Oats and Flax from the 
following places : 





w 


*5 a* 


O "1 






11 


11 ' 


•Sti 








3" + 


■II 




Pite, Ojebyn, 


65°22 / 


+ 3 °20' 


50 


R.B.O.H 


Arvidsjaur, 


65°35 / 


-j-I°20 / 


1230 


B. 


Arjeploug, 


66°8 / 


— 0°22 / 


1440 


B. 


Neder-Lule, 


65°39 / 


+-3°55 / 


50 


B. 


Ofver-Lule, 


65049' 


+?lV 


50 


R. B. 


Quikkjokk, 


66°57 / 


— o°i8' 


1065 


B. 


Neder-Kalix 


6 5 ° 5 i' 


+5° 5 / 


45 


R. B. 


Ofver-Kalix, 


te°i<)'\y> 


+4°49' 


135 


R. 


" 


66°23 / 


+4°40 / 


140 


B. 


Gellivare, 


67°7 / 


+2°36 / 


1233 


B. 


Haapakyla, 


66°23'n" 


+5°37 / 


216 


R. 


Turtula, 


66*41' 


+5°48 / 


278 


R. 


Ruskola, 


66°22 / 


+5°36 / 


200 


B. 


Pajala, 


66° 5 7 / 


+5°47 / 


340 


B. 


Wittangi, 


67°40 / 20 // 


+3°35 / 


860 


B. 



R.,— Rye; B.,— Barley; O.,— Oats; H.,— 
Hemp. 

453. Platen, Carl von, Count. Orbyhus. 
Cereals and seeds of foragers plants. 

454. Scheele, G. von. Kilanda, Goteborg. 



Cereals and seeds. 



455. Stenstrom, 0. E. Gardsjo, Karlstad. 
Cereals. 

Prev. aw. in Copenhagen, Paris, Stockholm 
and Vienna. 

456. Uppsala Lans Hushallnings Sallskap. 

Agricultural Society of the Lan of 
Uppsala. 

Cereals, seeds of forage plants and 
other agricultural products. 

457. Westerbottens Lans Hushallnings Sall- 

skay. The Agricultural Society of 
the Lan of Westerbotten ; by Dr. F. 
Unander, Umea. 

458. WestmanlandsLans Hushallnings Sall- 

skap. Agricultural Society of the 
Lan of Westmanland ; by J. W. 
Broberg, Stenby,Stromsholm. 
Cereals and other seeds. 

459. Orebro Lans Hushallnings Sallskap. 

Agricultural Society of the Lan of 
Orebro j by A. G. Lowenhielm, 
(Nora), OrebrO .. 
Cereals. 



CLASS 621. 



Beans, Peas and Vetches, dried for food, 
The same for seed, 



Import- Duty in 

United States. Sweden. 
10 per cent. free. 

20 per cent. free. 



4»40. Hofmeister, Chr. Ingelstad, Kristianstad. Samples of Peas. 



Tobacco, unmanufactured, n. o. p. f., 
" " stems, 

" manufactured, of all descriptions 



CLASS 623. 

Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

30 per cent. per lb. 29 ore. 

per lb. 15 cts. per lb. 29 ore. 

per lb. 50 cts. j per lb. 35 ore. 

(and int. rev. tax of 20 cts. per lb.) \ to 1 Kr. 30 ore. 



461. Beggren, D. &. J. Stockholm. 
Tobacco, grown near Stockholm. 
Prev. aw.: London, 1865. 

The tobacco raising was started in 1856. 
During the planting and gathering seasons, 10 
men, 40 women and 14 children are employed. 

462. Dahl, P. Karlshamn. 
Samples of Snuff. 

Prev. aw.: Blekinge silver medal. Manu- 
facture commenced 1848; employ: 7 men, 
wages, 41 to 59 cents per day; 8 boys, wages 12 



to 14 cents per day. Steam engine 6 H. P. 

In 1874 189,145 lbs. of Clarksville tobacco 
were used for making 283,394 lbs. of snuff, sold 
at a rate of $16.11 gold per 100 lbs., showing 
an inci-ease in the total value of the production of 
about $5,555 gold in 5 years. 

About 5,000 lbs. exported to Denmark. 

Government taxes $85 gold. Community 
$150 gold. 

463. Hennig &. Papenhagen. Kalmar. 
Chickory, raw and prepared. 



Marine Animals, Fish Culture, and Apparatus. 



87 



E. — Marine Animals, Fish Culture, and Apparatus. 

CLASS 641. 
464. The Royal Swedish Commission. Collection of Swedish Fishes preserved in Alcohol. 



CLASS 642. 



Herrings, pickled or salted, 
Salmon, pickled, 
Mackerel, 

Fish, all kinds, in oil, . 
" " " otherwise prepared, 



Import- Duty in 
United States, 
per bbl. or 0.50 per 100 lbs. 
. $3 per bbl. 
$2 per bbl. 
. 30 per cent. 
35 per cent. 



Sweden, 
free. 



465. Amundson, C. M., Mrs. Uddevalla. 
Oyster- Anchovies. 

The oyster-anchovies, unlike the common 
anchovies, are twice packed with spices. 

The anchovies have not before been ex- 
hibited at any International Exhibition. 

Agencies in all larger towns of Sweden. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1845. 

For the packing no steady force of work- 
men is employed, as the lime of the catch proper 
extends only over a short period in Spring and 
Autumn. 

The packing is all clone by hand, ami for 
the manufacture of packing boxes the usual tin- 
smiths' machines are used. 

The prices are : 
For I tin box of anchovies, $0. 35 gold. 
" y^ " " '• 0.20 " 

To agents, or at wholesale, 10 per cent, dis- 
count is allowed. 

The anchovies are exported to Denmark, 
Germany, Russia and Finland. 

466. Andersson, Gustaf. Fjellbacka. 
Anchovies, Dainty-Herrings and Swed- 
ish Sardines. 

Prev. aw.: Malmo, 1865; Bergen, 1865; 
Stockholm, 1866; Boulogne, 1866; Moscow, 
1872; Vienna, 1873; Berlin, 1873; Mariostad, 
1874. 

Agencies in Stockholm and Orebro. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1845 
and employs 2 or 3 men at 30 cents per day, and 
10 to 12 women at 15 to 17 cents per day. 



The prices are : 



For y 2 barrel of anchovies, 


^4-17 


" )i " 




2.22 


" x << 




1. 11 


" 1 keg of anchovies of 0.60 gallon 


,0.42 


« y 2 « 


' 0.30 " 


0.23 


" 1 box of " 


1 0.30 " 


0.23 


.« y 2 <• 


' 0.15 » 


0.14 


" 1 glass jar of " 


' 0.30 " 


0.28 


" % " " " 


< 0.15 " 


0.19 


" 1 china jar of " 


« 0.30 " 


o-35 


" y^ _" " " 


' 0.15 « 


0.21 


" 1 box of dainty hen 


ing, 


0.25 


" H " " 


1 


0.17 


" l " " skin 


and boneless 


», 0.22 


- y 2 " " m 


" 


0.17 



The production, during 1874, amounted to 
^1,670 gold. 

The raw materials used for the production* 
during 1874, were 6,000 firkins of sprats. 

The refuse, skin and bones, is composted, 
and used as a fertilizer. 

The manufactures are exported to Russia, 
England, France, Germany, America, Egypt and 
Denmark. 
467. Bergstrom, H. C« Lysekil. 

Anchovies and " Skin- and Bone-less 
Appetite" Herrings. The anchovies are 
packed in whole and half cans, the herrings in 
whole and half boxes. 

Prev. aws., three medals. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1867, 
and employs 15 persons, with wages aggregating 
§2,800 gold per annum. 

The tin cans and boxes are all made in the 
factory, on 7 machines worked by hand. 



88 



Marine Animals, Fish Culture, and Apparatus. 






The prices are, cash, in Goteborg or Udde 
valla : 
For i tin box of anchovies, 



appetite herrings, 



$0.35. 
O.20. 

o-35- 
0.20. 



Ten per cent, discount at wholesale. 
Chief Agent, Mr. H. A. Burger, Goteborg. 

468. Ericsson. N. 0. Tangen, Lysekii. 

Anchovies, and Skin and Boneless Del- 
icacy Herring. The anchovies are packed in 
well-made tin vessels. 

Agencies in Stockholm aud Goteborg. 
The manufacture was commenced in 1874. Six 
workmen are employed with wages averaging 
36 cents per day. The armual production 
amounts to about $3,300 gold, for which the 
taxes are about $14 gold. 
The prices are : per 100 whole cans, $30.55 gold. 

« ' « y 2 « 18.05 " 

" " " whole boxes, 30.55 " 

y 2 « 18.05 " 

with 15 per cent, discount, when at least 100 cans 
of each kind are ordered. 

The raw material used in the manufacture 
consist of about 1000 firkins of sprats. The re- 
fuse is mixed with muck and sold as a fertilizer. 

The production is, in part, exported to 
England, Germany, Denmark, and Russia, in 
varying quantities. 

469. Hallgren, J. J. Gullholmen, Oroust. 
Delicacy Anchovies, and Skin- and 

Boneless Delicacy Herrings, put up in tin 
cans, holding nhout 50, 25, and 15 cub. inches, 
and also in small tin boxes. 

Prev. aw.: 1st prizes at the exhibitions at 
Moscow, Copenhagen, Kongelf, Lysekii, Gote- 
borg, Wenersborg, Vienna, Berlin, Wiborg, alto- 
gether 1 1 medals, beside diplomas. 

The products are sold exclusively through 
Mr. Paul Caravello, in Goteborg. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1865, 
and employs 9 men, with wages aggregating 
about $100 gold per month, and 10 women, 
whose wages aggregate $70 per month. 

In the manufacture of tin vessels, machines 
run by hand power are used. 

The annual value of the production is 
about $16,600 gold ; per annum government 
taxes are $10, and the community taxes about $15 
gold. 



The price of the products are : 
For I can of anchovies, $0.35 gold. 

*• yi « " 0.20 « 

u % ... . « al3 „ 

" 1 box of skin & boneless herring, 0.35 " 
" y 2 « " « 0.20 " 

with 10 per cent, discount at 30 days at whole- 
sale. 

The materials used, consist of sprats, salt, 
sugar, spices, etc., quantity uncertain. 

The refuse from the manufacture are used 
as fertilizers. 

The products are sold in Sweden, Norway, 
Denmark, Germany, France, Russia, England 
and several other countries. 

470. Lundgren, P. W. Stockholm. 
Preserved fish. 

471. Lysell, Aug. Lysekii. 

" Delikatess anjovis " and " skinn och 
benfri-anjovis " (dainty anchovies, skin and 
boneless anchovies). 

Factories started 1872, employ 20 men, 
10 women, 10 boys, and 5 girls, their wages 
amounting to about $700, gold. 

Materials used : 2,000 bushels of sprats. 

Prices : 

Delikatess anjovis, 100 large boxes, $35.00 gold. 

" " " small " 20.00 " 

Aptit, " " large " 35-00 " 

" " " small " 20.00 " 

Prices calculated for 3 months; cash 10 
per cent, discount. 

472. Nilsson, Edv. Grebbestad, Goteborg. 
Preserved mackerel. 

Mackerels of the fattest and best quality are 
cleaned as usual, and all the bones taken out, 
then covered with a mixture of sugar, salt, and 
white pepper, in which mixture they are allowed 
to remain for a certain time, after which time 
they are smoked in the smoke from juniper 
sprigs until they have acquired a light brown 
color ; and then cut up in small slices and packed 
in tin boxes with sweet oil, the boxes being 
soldered up when filled. 

Prev. aw.: Wenersborg, silver medal and 
diploma of honor ; Mariestad, bronze medal, 
and Viborg, diploma of honor. 

Agency at Goteborg. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1872. 

During the fishing season, 1875, were em- 
ployed 22 women with wages of $0.21 per 
day, and 2 men who were paid $0.56 for 



Marine Animals, Fish-Culture, and Apparatus. 



89 



every hundred boxes, soldered up, their day's 
work being usually 125 to 150 boxes. 

The production during 1872 was between 
8000 — 10,000 boxes, at a price of $0.28 per 
box. At wholesale a discount of 10 per cent, is 
given. 

As yet no separate taxes have been paid 
for this business, but they have been assessed to- 
gether with the taxes for the mercantile business 
of the firm. 

That part of the refuse which is useful for 
food, such as heads, fins, roes, milts, etc., are 
sold cheaply to the poorer population, the rest of 
the refuse (the intestines of the fish) has not yet 
been made use of, but as this part is a very valu- 
able fertilizer, it will in the future be composted. 
Formerly the boxes were of two sizes, whole 
and half boxes, but at present only one size, as 
mentioned before, is put up. 

Letters patent, for five years in Sweden, 
was granted, in 1875. 

473. Roy. Swedish Commission; by H. 
Widegren, P. D., Intendent of 
Fisheries. Stockholm. 

Contributions from A. Andersson, Motala ; 
P. Andersson, Helsingborg; J. von Bergen, 
Karlshamn; O. Bernson, Marstrand ; R. Lund- 
berg, Stockholm ; A. J. Lyth, Hemse, Gottland ; 
N. Martin, Kivik; A. Mattson, Karlshamn; 

J. OSTERMAN, Skillillge ; SVENSKA FlSKERED- 

skaps Aktif.boi.aget, Stockholm ; Spiegelberg 
Stockholm; \V. WAHLBERG, Wermdon ; and J. P. 
Akervall, Lecko. 

a. Collection of fishes, from the fresh- 
waters and coasts of Sweden, being important to 
the living of the inhabitants in said country — 
altogether 77 species, preserved in glass jars and 
spirits of wine. 

b. Fishing-gear : 

10 Herring-nets of the Gottland model 5 
white, 5 brown — the most common in Gottland. 
6 herring-nets of the Blekinge-model. 

5 " " Skane-model. 

2 " " Norrland-model. 

6 mackerel-nets, 

2 flounder-nets oi the South-Sweden model. 
2 " " Bohuslan-model. 

1 seine of the Vettern-model. 
12 nets for salmon and lake fishing. 
5 salmon-nets, as used off the coast of 
Blekinge. 

4 salmon-lines, as used in the Baltic Sea. 



3 cod- and flounder-lines, as used in the 
Baltic sea. 

A complete collection of hook-fishing gear, 
and its accessories of grapnels, buoys, etc., as 
used by the Swedish fishers, when fishing on the 
North Sea- and Kattegat-banks. 

A collection of fish-gigs, fishing lines and 
smaller hook fishing gear, as used in the inner 
sounds and fresh waters of Sweden. 

Samples of white net- work. 

c. Models of fishing-crafts, viz.: 
Bank-fishing vessel, as used on the bank 

of the North Sea. 

Mackerel-boat, as used in Bohuslan. 
Herring-boat, as used in Skane. 
" " Blekinge. 

" " Gottland. 

" " Norrland. 

Boat, as used in Dalarne. 
Boat used for fishing and traveling on the 
Lappland rivers. 

" Eka," Skiff, for fishing in smaller lakes. 
" " transport of liv- 

ing fish in Stockholm. 

d. Products of fishing : 

1 sample of salted Gottland-herring. 

I " " Blekinge-herring. 

1 " « " -eel. 

I " dried cod. 

I " salt cod. 

1 " dried ling. 

I " pickled sprat, (" anchovy") 

474. Leidesdorffska Fiske-redskaps Fa- 
briken. Leidesdorff Fishing Imple- 
ment Manufactory " by Edw. Lei- 
desdorff. Stockholm. 

Fishing implements. 

Prev. aw.: Malmo, 1865, silver medal; 
Aarhus, 1875, silver-medal ; Bergen, 1856, honor- 
able mention ; Vienna, 1873, medal of merit. 

Agency in Goteborg. 

The manufacturing was started in 1 861, 
Only 4 men, 3 women and 2 boys are employed 
the greatest part of the goods being made by 
home-work. 

During the last business year 1,000 lbs. 
German silver, 2,000 lbs. linen yarns, not twisted ; 
800 lbs, twisted linen yarns, and 100 lbs. raw 



9° 



Animal and Vegetable Products. 



silk were used for the following 
15,000 pieces squids, at a value of 
8,000 coarse linen fishing lines, 
500 set lines with hooks, 
500 hand-made nets for fishing, 
2,000 lbs. linen yarns, and lines 
for long-reefs, at a value of 


production : 

$6,000 gold. 

1,400 " 

420 " 

600 " 

840 " 


The total production amounted to $10,000 
gold, being twice that of 1870, and three 
times that of 1865. The production has not as 
yet been sufficient to supply the home demand. 

A discount of 25 to ZZYi P er cent, is per- 
mitted in wholesale dealing. 



F. — Animal and Vegetable Products. 
CLASS 651. 
475. Wastfelt, Carl Carlsson. Kolingsholm, Mullsjo. Rennet. 

CLASS 652. 



476. Ericsson, Anders. Stockholm. 

Calfskins, used for making fine shoes. 

Prev. aw.: London, prize medal. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1872, 
and gives occupation to 5 men with wages of 90 
cents per day. The power required is supplied 
by a steam engine, 2 H. P. 

In 1874, the value of the productions 
amounted to $6,000, for which the government 
taxes were $9, and the community taxes $10. 

List of prices : 



Calfskins, 


Brand A, 


. $26.66 gold, per doz. 


t( 


" At 

J\ 1, . 


30.00 " " 


" 


" A 2, 


• 33-33 " 


« 


" A3,. 


36.66 •< 


" 


B, 


40.00 " " 


." 


« Bi,. 


43-33 " 


" 


B2, 


. 46.66 " " 


<« 


" B 3l . 


50.00 " " 



" of corresponding brands of medium 

kind, 5 per cent, discount. 

All per cash. 

The raw materials used for the production 
are 2,500 calfskins per annum. 

The refuse consists of glue-leather used 
for making glue ; calfshair used for making 
horse blankets. 

The skins are exported to London. This 
manufacture is however, yet new and consequent- 
ly the trade little developed. 

477. Johannesson, C. S. Stockholm. 

Leather, Cow-Leather, Oil-Leat her 
Wax-Leather, Horse-Leather, Wax-Leath- 



er-Skins, Patent Sleek-Leather-Leggings, 
Patent Leather-Uppers. 

Prev. aw.: Moscow, 1872, bronze medal; 
Vienna, 1873, honorable mention. 

The manufactory was established in 1802, 
the present owner took possession in 1867. 

In the manufactory are employed 10 men. 

The bark -mill is driven by a horse. The 
manufacture in 1874, amounted to about $25,000 
gold, in 1868, to only $11,000 gold. The 
government and community taxes for 1874, 
were together $56 gold. 

The prices are : 

For Sole-Leather, 

" Cow-Leather, 

" Oil-Leather, 

" Wax-Leather, 

" Horse-Leather, 

" Wax Leather-Skins, 

" Sleek-Leather-Leggins, 

" Sleek-Leather-Uppers, 

The manufactures are 
travelling agent, who receives two per cent, com- 
mission on his sales. 

The raw materials used are : Buenos Ayres, 
Para, Pernambuco and Swedish hides, kid, 
calf, goat and sheep-skins. 

In the manufacture are used catechu, val- 
onia, oak-bark, etc. 

The leather cuttings obtained as refuse are 
used for a new manufacture of artificial leather. 
The rest of the refuse is used for fuel. 

The exports go to Germany, Silesia, and 
the Netherlands. 

The workmen deposit their savings in the 
saving banks of Stockholm. 



$°-43 g°ld> per lb. 

0.43 " 

0.49 " 

0.54 " 

0.70 " " 

0.97 " 

12.50 " per doz. 

10.00 " " 

all sold through a 



Animal and Vegetable Products. 



9 1 



CLASS 656. 



PREPARED fish, game, meats, and vegetables, n. o. p. f. 
Confectionery, and preserved fruit, n. o. p. f., 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

35 per cent. free. , 

per lb. 15 cts. per lb. 20 ore. 



478. Frommel, C. J. Goteborg. 

Confections and Preserved Fruits. 



479. Vikstrom, Zacharias. 

Preserved Vegetables. 



Stockholm. 



CLASS 657. 



480. Landskrona Franska Angqvarn. The 

French .Steam Flour Mill. Lands- 
krona. 
Samples of Flour and Grit. 

Prev. aw. : Goteborg and Malmo, silver 
medals; Copenhagen, 1872, and Vienna, 1873; 
diploma of merit. 

Mill built 1870; steam engine 25 H. P. 
15 men employed. 

Cereals prepared last year : wheat, 76,- 
780 cubic feet; rye, 65,730 cubic feet; barley 
853 cubic feet. Value of preparations last year, 
$165,800 gold. About one-tenth is exported to 
Norway, nine-tenths are sold in Sweden. 

481. Scheele, Gotrick von. Kilanda. 
Samples of Seeds and Grain, whole 

and manufactured into grits and flour. 

Prev. aw. : At exhibitions in Goteborg, 
Wenersborg, and Copenhagen. Medals for merit 
at Vienna, 1873. 

Agents in Goteborg, Karlstad, Norrkop- 
ing, and Kristiania. 

The manufacturing, which begun in 1867, 
is worked by nine men and a water-power of 36 
H. P. Last year the materials used were, oats, 
9,000 cubic feet ; barley, 500 cubic feet ; wheat, 
1,500 cubic feet, and rye, 2,000 cubic feet. In 
manufacturing oat grits, the oats are previous to 
grinding steam-boiled and kiln-dried. After the 
whole process a residue of 50 per cent, is left, 
which, mixed with roots, furnishes a very valu- 
able food for cattle. The annual proceeds of the 
"Grinding Mill" are estimated at $450 gold, and 
the value of the whole manufacture, which in the 
beginning was about $1,500 gold, has during the 
last years amounted to $9,000 gold per annum. 
As* to the exports, only a quantity of about 20,000 
pounds goes to Norway. 



Within the community of Kilanda there 
is an excellent common school, and also a library 
that is freely availed of. 

482. Ystads Franska Angqvarn. The 

French Steam Flour Mill; by G. 
Schonbeck & Joh. Borg, Ystad. 
Flour and Grits. 

Prev. aw. Stockholm, 1856; Skane's 
Economical Society, 1865 & 1867, silver medals ; 
Malmo, 1865, silver medal; Paris, 1867, Copen- 
hagen and Leipsic, 1869; Goteborg, 1871, and 
Vienna, 1873, medal of merit. 

Agents in Stockholm, Goteborg, Gefle, 
Sundswall, Kristiania, Bergen, Trondhjem, and 
Drammen. 

The mill was built in 1864. The motive 
power is supplied by a steam engine of 25 H. P. 
There are employed, 

1 manager at . . . $35 gold per month. 

2 engineers at . . . $20 " " " 
I " "... $14 " " 

13 workmen and appren- 
tices at . . $7 to $14 " 

The amount of grain ground yearly is 
wheat, 132,254 cubic feet; rye, 74,982 cubic 
feet, and barley, 11,27 cubic feet; the value of 
the annual manufacture being about ,$226,000 
gold. All the residue is sold to the neighboring 
farmers as feed. The superiority of the manu- 
facture is to a high degree owing to the method of 
kiln-drying the grain by steam, and fanning it by 
a centrifugal apparatus. The government taxes 
are §85 gold, and the community taxes $397 gold 
per annum. One-third of the wheat and rye 
flour manufactured is sold to Norway, and the 
demand is greater than can be supplied. Com- 
mission at wholesale 1 per cent. 



9 2 



Animal and Vegetable Products. 



CLASS 660. 



Liquors, malt in bottles, duty on bottles included, 
" " not in bottles, . , 

" spirituous, n. o. p. f., exclusive of duty 

Lfc on bottles, .... 



483. Berg, C. G.^ Karlshamn. 
Swedish Punch and refined Whiskey 

(" Branvin.") 

Pre v. aw. Malmo, 1865, silver medal; 
Stockholm, 1867, silver medal; Paris, 1867, 
bronze medal ; Copenhagen, 1875, silver medal ; 
Vienna, 1873, silver medal; London, 1873, 
bronze medal, no silver medals awarded. 

The manufacture was commenced in 

1873. 

The working force (consisting of men,- 
women, boys and girls) can not be stated for the 
punch manufacture separately, as this one is prin- 
cipally managed by the same force as the distil- 
lation. 

Only hand-power is employed. The 
manufacture of punch in 1874 amounted to $45,- 
000 gold, and of refined Swedish whiskies to 
about $125,000 gold. 

At wholesale a deduction of from 3 to 5 
per cent, is made. 

In 1874, 15,000 bottles of punch were 
exported to Denmark and Germany. Their ex- 
port increased in 1875. 

484. Bergen, J. N. von, &. Son. Karlshamm. 
Swedish Punch. 

Prev. aw. : Copenhagen, 1872, silver me- 
dal; Vienna, 1873, medal of progress; London, 
1873, medal. 

Agencies in Berlin, Hamburg, and Copen- 
hagen. 

The manufacture was commenced about 
1844, and employs 6 men and 2 women, whose 
yearly wages aggregate about $1275 gold. 

The annual production is about 70,000 
bottles, with a value during 1874 of $0.35 gold 
per bottle. At wholesale 3 per cent, discount is 
allowed. 

The annual value of the production thus 
amounts to about $19,500 gold, which, however, 
is an increase over that of 5 or ten years ago 
with about 40 per cent. 

The custom duties paid to the government 



Import-Duty in 
United States. Sweden. 

35 cts. per gallon. 20 to 40 ore per kanna. 
20 " " << " 



$2.00 per gallon. 



Kr. 30 ore, to 2 Kr. 
per kanna. 



during 1874 amounted to $8,750 gold, and the 
community taxes $280 gold. 

The article is consumed principally within 
the country, but some is exported to Germany, 
Denmark, Norway, Brazil, and the Southern 
states of North America. 

The workmen deposit their weekly surplus 
earnings in the savings-bank of the town. 

485. Broddelius &. Akerman. Goteborg. 
" Militar- Punch." 

Pr. aw. : Vienna, 1873. 
Manufacture began 1849. 

486. Cederlund's J. Soner, (Sons.) Stock- 

holm. 

" Genuine Caloric Punch." 

Pr. aw. : Medals in London, 1862 ; Stock- 
holm, 1867; Paris, 1867; Moscow, 1872; Co- 
penhagen, 1872; Vienna, 1873; anc ^ London, 
1873- 

Price: $4.50 gold per dozen bottles, pack- 
ing included, in cases of I, 2, or 4^ dozen bot- 
tles, delivered on the vessel at Stockholm free of 
charge. 

The manufacturing began 1823. Products 
exported to Germany, France, England, Austria, 
Russia, Denmark, Italy, North and South Amer- 
ica. 

Agencies in Paris, London, Hamburg, 
and Copenhagen. 

487. Creutz, A. Mariefred. 

Swedish Punch, manufactured from best 
arrack, and put up in white glass bottles, pro- 
vided with label and a yellow metal cap over the 
neck of the bottle, both marked : " Gripsholms 
Pounsch, A. Creutz, Mariefred." 

The manufacture was commenced in 1871. 
Branch factory in Strengnas. 

During 1874 the production amounted to 
4035 gallons, with a value of ^8,750 gold. 

The price of the punch is 42 cents per bot- 
tle, and $2.17 gold per gallon. At wholesale, 



Animal and Vegetable Products. 



93 



when at least ioo bottles or 20 gallons are or- 
dered a discount, of 6' per cent, is allowed. 
Exportation to Denmark. 

488. Dahlheim &. Engstrom. Stockholm. 
Arrac Punch. 

Prev. aw.: Moscow, 1872; Vienna, 1873, 
medal of merit; London, 1873, medal. 

The business began 1870. Products ex- 
ported to England, Germany, France and Russia. 

489. Hogstedt & Co. Stockholm. 
Arrac Punch. 

Prev. aw.: Medals in London, Paris and 
Vienna. 

The manufacture of punch has been carried 
on by this firm, on a large scale since 1 842, and 
has doubled itself during the last few years. 

Exports to Denmark, England, Germany, 
France and America. 

490. Moboda Fabriks Bolag. Moboda 

Manufacturing Co.; by C. A. Ha- 
gendahl. Moboda. 

Spirits manufactured from Lichens. 

Manufacture commenced in 1868. 

In the distillery are employed 20 men, with 
wages from 45 cents to 55 cents per day. 

The steam required is supplied by two 
small boilers. 

The productions last year was 43,204 gal- 
lons of 50 per cent, proof-spirits, on which the 
tax is $38.61 gold per 100 hundred gallons. 

Some years, when two distilleries have 
been used, the production has amounted to 86,408 
gallons of 50 per cent, proof spirits. The whole- 
sale price is $77.72 gold, per 100 gallons. 

The raw materials used were 1,200,000 
lbs. of lichens. 

Origin of this manufacture : 

It has long been known that the cellular 
tissue of plants, by being boiled with certain acids, 
may be changed into starch, gum or dextrin and 
finally into grape-sugar, from which by the usual | 
methods alcohol may be obtained. It has also 
been tried to turn this property of the cellular 
tissue, to practical use in the manufacture of al- 
cohol ; but these attempts have hitherto not met 
with the success expected, as it was found that 
the quantity of alcohol obtained in this manner, 
did not compensate for the costs and trouble ex- 
pended on its production. In the autumn of 



1867, when occupied with researches on the 
lichens, Professor Stenberg, of Stockholm, found 
that the cellular tissue of the cryptogams, embra- 
ced under the general name of Lichens, differs 
from the common cellular tissue in that, that 
upon being boiled with diluted acids, it is changed 
much more easily and more completely into 
grape-sugar than the latter ; so that, from lichens 
which contain little or no starch, there maybe 
obtained without any difficulty and with but a 
small expenditure of acid, — from 65 to 70 parts 
of sugar, from 1 00 parts of dried lichens. On 
this fact is founded the manufacture of alcohol 
from reindeer "moss," [Cladonia Rangiferina). 
This lichen, which in the northern countries grows 
in immense quantities, contains only an exceedingly 
small quantity of starch, and without the above- 
named peculiarity of its cellular tissue, the afore- 
said manufacture would not be possible. By a 
series of experiments, made by Professor STEN- 
BERG in the year 1868, and described by him in 
a treatise entitled " Om tillverkning af laf bran- 
vin" ("On the manufacture of spirits from lich- 
ens") Stockholm, 1868, it was further proved, 
that the production of alcohol from reindeer moss, 
could be managed profitably even on a large 
scale, and several manufactories for this produc- 
tion were then established in Sweden and Norway, 
Finland and Russia, in which last-named coun- 
try, as well as in the United States, the process 
of the manufacture of spirits, from lichens is 
patented by Professor Stenberg. 

491. Petterson, Otto. Stockholm. 
Swedish Punch. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1870. 

The price of the punch is $0.56 gold per 
bottle. 

492. Platin, C. G. &. Co. Goteborg. 
Punch strong, red brand, price per bottle 

$0.35. 

Punch, less strong, blue brand, price per 
bottle, §0.35. 

Mandarin punch, white brand, price per 
bottle, So. 42. 

The manufacturing began in 1847. R- aw 
materials used in 1875 were about 100,000 lbs. 
and 12,000 gallons of Dutch arrack. 

Export to Germany, Denmark. England, 
Spain and Australia. 

493. Thalin, W. Nykoping. 
Arrac-punch. 



94 



Animal and Vegetable Products. 



The business was commenced in 1856, and 
during the last years the annual production has 
amounted to 7,000 gallons, with an average value 
of $2, gold, per gallon. When sold in bottles of 
1-7 gallon's capacity, at a price of $0.30 to $0.45- 

5 per cent, discount is allowed at wholesale. 

494. Tulldahl, A. H. Landskrona. 
Pale Ale. 

Price per I bottle, $0.15. 
Price per ]/ 2 bottle, $0.08. 

495. Ullander, Ad. Uppsala. 
Punch. 



496. Wallis, A. B. Dybeck, Malmo. 

Ale in bottles. 

Prev. aw.: Malmo, 1865; Ystad, 1867 ; 
Copenhagen, 1872; Vienna, 1873 ; London, 1873. 

Motive power steam-engine, 6 H. P. Em- 
ploys 10 men. 

Production last year, 120,500 gallons at 
lS}4 cts. 

Materials used, 12,080 kubic ft. barley, 
3,314 lbs. hops. 

Government taxes $58 gold. 

Community taxes $70. 



CLASS 661. 



497. Feith, H. J. & Son. Uppsala. 

Biscuits, which can be kept for y 2 a year 
without changing. These biscuits are recom- 
mended as a fine and palatable cake to be eaten 
with coffee, tea, chocolate, wines, liquors, etc. 

Hard Rye- and Rusk-Bread. 

Ships-bread, (Italian bread). 

Prev. aw.: London, 1873, large medal; 
Vienna, 1873, diploma of honor; Uppsala, 1874, 
two 1 silver medals ; Mariestad, 1874, one silver, 
and one bronze-medal. 

Agencies in all parts of Sweden and Nor- 
way, also in Copenhagen and London. 

The bakery was commenced in 1 848 ; the 
biscuit- and cracker-manufactory in 1872. 

In the manufacture are employed about 37 
men, 15 boys and 8 women, altogether 60 em- 
ployees, with wages aggregating 15,560 gold per 
annum. 

Only hand-power is employed, together 
with auxiliary machines. 

In the bakery, are baked about 100 differ- j 
ent kinds of bread ; in the confectionery, many i 
kinds of fancy cakes ; in the cracker-manufac- 
tory, about 200 kinds of crackers ; and in the 
biscuit-manufactory, about 50 kinds of biscuits. J 



At wholesale 10 to 15 per cent, discount is allow- 
ed. Several kinds of hard rye- and rusk-bread 
are also sold at wholesale. The value of the 
production in 187 1, amounted to $21,000 gold,, 
and in 1874, to $55,000 gold. 

The firm was in 1874, assessed for an in- 
come of $1,400 gold, besides the real estate. 

The raw materials consumed during 1874 , 
were : 

Wheat flour, . . .. 5,000 cwt. 

Rye flour, .... 2,000 " 

Sugar, .... 50,000 lbs. 

Butter, .... 40,000 " 

Eggs, .... 10,000 doz- 

Milk, 23,041 gals. 

besides spices, etc. 

By the manufacture quite a large amount of 
refuse is obtained, which is sold at y^ or ^ of 
its cost value. 

The exports in 1874, were: to Norway, 
10,000 lbs. of biscuits; to Denmork, 1,000 lbs. of 
biscuits, the high duty, 17 ore per lb., preventing 
a larger export to that country ; to London, about 
1,000 lbs of biscuits. 

A new manufactory for steam-machinery is 
under erection. 
498. R. Swedish Commission. 

Hard Rye Bread. 



Machines, Implements, and Processes of Manufacture. 



95 



H. —Machines, Implements and Processes of Manufacture. 

(For Import-Duties see page 78). 



CLASS 670. 



499. Eklundh, L. P. 

hamn. 



Hjelmafors,Ulrice- 



Patent Steel Ploughs. 

Prey. aw. : 2 gold medals, II silver medals, 
4 bronze medals, 2 diplomas of honor, and 1 100 
crowns. 

The manufacturing was started i860 at 
Westlandaholm,and moved to Hjelmafors, 1874, 
where the work is done by water power and 52 
workmen, all full-grown, to whom $8,600, gold, 
a year are paid, as wages. 

Plough No. I A. weight 160 lbs., price $12 gold. 
2 " 150 " 11 " 

" 3 " 140 " 10.50 " 

3A. " 100 " 8.50 " 

500. Goteborgs Mekaniska Werkstads Ak- 
tiebolag. Gbteborg Machi?ie Manu- 
facturing Co. Lim. Goteborg. 

Plows, with mould boards and shares of 
->teel; coulters sheeted. 

Prev. aw. : 5 gold medals, 50 silver and 
bronze medals, 14 diplomas of honor, and a 
large number of money awards. 



Agencies in nearly all the towns of Swe- 
den, and in Kristiania, Trondhjem, Stavanger, 
Abo, Helsingfors, St. Petersburg, Riga, Cape- 
town, Bogota in Columbia, and other places. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1843, 
and employs about 800 men. 

The power required is supplied by steam 
engines of 85 H. P. The manufacture consists of 
Iron Steamers, Steam Engines, and Steam Boil- 
ers, Railroad Cars, Farming Implements and 
Machines, Machines and Tools for Factories, etc. 

At wholesale 10 per cent, discount is al- 
lowed. 

The value of the manufacture during 1874 
amounted to $600,000, gold. 

The raw materials are : Pig-Iron, Bar- Iron, 
Sheet and Rolled Iron, Steel, Copper, Tin, Zinc, 
etc. ; Anthracite Coal, Charcoal, Coke, and Peat. 
Timber : Oak, Pine, etc. 

The exports go to the above mentioned 
countries. 

For the benefit of the workmen are estab- 
lished pension and sick-funds. Workmen's 
dwellings are being erected. 



CLASS 672. 



501. Palmcrantz, Helge. Stockholm. 
Mower. 

502. Petterson, C. E. Lango, Elfdalen. 
18 Scythes of different models, viz : 

2 No. 1 Wira-model. 
2 No. 3 Nerike, 
2 No. 4 Hedemora, 
2 No. 6 Asele, 
2 No. 8c. Smaland, 
2 No. 6 Skane, 
2 No. 10 Bonus, 
2 No. 19 Danish, 
2 No. 20 Russian. 

Prev. aw. : Goteborg, 1871, bronze medal; 
Copenhagen, 1872, bronze medal; Moscow, 1873, 
silver medal; London, 1873, g ixt medal; Marie- 
stad, 1874, silver medal; Vienna, 1873, diploma 
of honor. 



Agencies in Stockholm, Goteborg, Karl- 
stad, Kristiania, and Trondhjem. 

The works were established 1805, and have 
during the last few years been occupied in the 
manufacture of scythes exclusively. 18 able 
smiths and 16 apprentices are employed in the 
works. The water power is not less than 100 
H. P. The production has been doubled in the 
last few years. During the last year 8,000 dozen 
scythes were made at ' a value of $3.44 to 
*io.20 per dozen, and sold with 5 and 6 per 
cent, discount at wholesale. 

As raw material were used last year 500 
cwts. Bessemer steel, 500 cwts. Bessemer pig 
iron, 1,000 cwts. of wrought iron, and 2,000 
" laster " of charcoal. 

The scythes are mostly sold in Sweden and 
Norway, and have just begun to be exported to 
Denmark and Finland. 



9 6 



Agricultural Engineering and Administration. 



Government taxes, $209; community taxes, 
$1915 ; church taxes, $42. 

A school for the workingmen's children, 



a savings bank, and a sick fund raised by weekly- 
deposits in the bank for workingmen as well as 
of the widows. 



CLASS 675. 



503. Andersson J., Kjardingagarde, Ore- 

bro. 
Cow-Bells, Sheep-Bells. 

504. Atterling, Carl. Orebro. 

Dairy Apparatus constructed in such a 
manner that it can be set upon the open ground, 
and easily transported from one place to another. 

Prev. aws., Stockholm, Paris, Goteborg, 
Moscow and Vienna. 

The manufacture was commenced in 1857, 
and gives employment to 40 men with wages of 
$100, gold, per day, and 10 boys with wages of 
30 cents, gold, per day. 

The power required is supplied by a steam 
engine of 4 II. P. 

The productions consists of Gas, Water 
and Heating Conduits, Apparatus for drugstores, 
distilleries, sugar refineries, dairies, soda-water, 
manufactories, breweries, dye-works, bathing and 
laundry establishments, steam-boilers, fire en- 
gines, and pump works, suction and forcing 
pumps, iron furniture, lightning rods and electri- 
cal bells, etc. 



35° cwt .. 
100 

60 

50 
200 
400 
varying. 



The annual value of the production is about 
$22,000 gold. 

The raw materials used are : 

Copper, ..... 
Zinc, ..... t 
Lead, ..... 

Tin, 

Brass, 

Bar Iron, ..... 
Castings, .... 

The exports go to Finland, Russia, and 
Denmark. 

A savings fund is being formed. 

The common schools of the town are fre- 
quented by the children of the workmen. The 
rooms of the working men's society are used as 
reading rooms. A bath house is provided for the 
workmen at the manufactory. 

505. Kallinge Bruk. See Class 224. 

Malmo. 
Dairy Utensils of iron and pewter. 

506. Rehnstrom, M. Tibbie, Koping. 
Drawings of dairy-houses and utensils.. 



/. — Agricultural Engineering and Administration. 
CLASS 681. 



507. Friestedt, A. W. See CI. 200. 
Commercial Fertilizers. 

508. In de Betou. P. D. Stockholm. 

A collection of all the Artificial Manures 



prepared in Sweden and their raw materials. 
509. Stockholm's Superfosfat Aktiebolag. 

Fertilizers, prepared, and raw materia!- 



CLASS 683. 



Ch. Im. Bergatorp, 



510. Lofvenskiold, 

Mariestad. 
A collection of Drawings with directions 
in the text for the construction of suitable, simple 
and cheap peasant cottages and other dwel- 
lings for workingmen, farm houses and 
barns, dairies, stables, pig-sties, sheep- 



folds, tool-houses, kilns for threshed and un- 
threshed grain, smaller farm dwellings, privies., 
etc., all with detail drawings of building parts, 
crib arrangements, joinings and simple or- 
naments, even for brick ornamented granite, 
ventilation, brick making, etc., and directions 
for planting trees around the dwellings. 



Garden Tools. 



97 



Prev. aw.: The large and small gold medal, 
of the Royal Agricultural Academy. Silver 
medal for useful work, by the Skaraborg Lan ag- 
ricultural Society. Stockholm, 1866, diploma of 
honor. Stockholm, 1868, large silver medals 
Goteborg, 187 1, small silver medal. Marie- 
stad, 1874. large silver medal, etc. 

These works were commenced in 1836. 
In 1874, 751 drawings, with descriptions were 
executed, besides several thousand directions for 
building purposes. Of the drawings about 361 
are already printed, or ready to be printed. In 



these drawings are represented a mass of simple, 
practical and popular arrangements, in order to 
facilitate and cheapen the erection of farm build- 
ings, all systematically arranged with regard to 
the saving of labor and time, in all departments 
of farming. 

The works of the exhibitor embrace a new 
literature, heretofore, totally unknown in Sweden 
which aims to create a more moral and industri- 
ous homelife, for the farmers, to procure better 
accommodations for the domestic animals, and a 
more careful attention to the crops. 



DEPARTMENT VII 



HORTICULTURE. 



Garden Tools. 
CLASS 720. 
511- Essen, H H. von, Baron. Tidaholm. See cl. 227. Gardeners Scissors. 



DEPARTMENT VIII 



WOMAN'S WORK 



512. Andersdotter, Margaretha. Lattarp, 

Forserum. 
Two Carpets. 

513. Andersson, Amanda, Mrs. Stockholm. 
Oil Paintings. 

a. Dalkulla (Dalecarlia woman). 

b. Lapplander girl. 

c. Copy of " Valkyria." by Arbo. 

514. Bagge, Charlotta, Mrs. Kramfors 

Vermland. 
Frames, painted pillows. 

515. Billstrom, A. Miss. Stockholm. 
Artificial Flowers. 

516. Engdahl, Agnes, Miss. Stockholm. 
Writing Utensils. 

517. Furst, Betty, Mrs. Uppsala. 
Portfolio, designed and made by the. 

exhibitor. 

518. Handarbetets Wanner. The society 

1 'Friends of Handiwork. ' ' Stock- 
holm. 

Women's Work in old North Patterns, 
made by peasant women and art-seamstresses, 
working under the guidance of the society, after 
ancient Swedish patterns, arranged and applied 
to the wants of the present time by artists and 
connoisseurs. 

The embroidered exhibits are manufac- 
tured by Mrs. Friberger and Misses L. and M. 
Bonde, M. Friberger, Hedblad, Hedenblad, 
Nyman, Oxehufvud Rogberg and Schroder. 

The lace-works by Matta and Kjersti 
Dahlsjo, Bengta Gudmunds, Elna Hagg, Hanna 
Larsdotter, Ingeborg Lars Nils, Kjersti Mans 
Svens, and Silja Persdotter. 

The tissues by Baroness Hermelin, Anna 
Andersson, Fina Bellman, Carlson, Maria Eske- 
lund, Frojd, r Sophie Jonson, Chr. Lundin, O- 
Nilsson, and Mina Wulf. 



Prev. aw. : The president and foundress of 
the society received a medal of merit at the inter- 
national exhibition in Vienna, 1873. Its work- 
ing-women have received several medals at pro- 
vincial fairs in Sweden, besides rewards from the 
Swedish " Royal Patriotic Society." 

The society did not properly commence its 
work until October, 1874. 

The society, which works only for a prin- 
ciple, not for pecuniary gain, has its headquarters 
in Stockholm, but also employs working-women 
in different parts of the country, as in Skane 
Blekinge, Smaland, Dalarne, etc. 

Through the impulse of the Swedish society 
a similar one is formed in Finland. 

The society, which commenced its opera- 
tions with one weaver-woman and one art-seam- 
stress, now cannot get as many as it wants 
for the effectuation of the orders received during 
the last quarter-year, and is therefore, going to 
establish a school for ancient Swedish handiwork . 

For further information, see the appendix to 
Part I. 

519. Hansdotter, Anna. Lumsheden, 

Svardsjo. 
Linen Yarn, 1-10 Swedish mile (3,600 sw. 
feet long) weighing 5.5 ort. (0.055 sw. lbs). 
Prev. aw.: Paris, 1867, bronze medal. 

520. Klinghammer, Gerda. Landskrona. 
Flowers and articles of dress and orna- 
ments, made from fish scales. 

521. Nilsson, Alma, Miss. Landskrona. 
Artificial Flowers of fish scales, for ladies 

ornament. , 

522. Petersen, Otto, Lieutenant, R. N. 

Karlskrona. 
Embroidery, made in Sweden about 150 
years ago. 

523. Pahlman, S., Miss. Vexio. 
Embroidery. 



Woman's Work. 



99 



524. Segebaden, Hermina. Grimethon. 

Embroidered Pocket-Handkerchief, 
Cushion, Pin Cushion, Collar and Cuffs. 

Prev. aw. : medals in Birmingham and 
Manchester. 

525. Soderberg, Maria. Visby. 



Lady's Top-coat of artificial fur (imita- 
tion). 

526. Weidenhayn, Carolina. Stockholm. 

Print from Wood Engraving, framed. 

Prev. aw.: medals in Stockholm and Vien- 
na ; diploma in Moscow. 




No. 7, Price $1.40 gold. 




No. 3, Price $1.40 gold. 





No. 8, Price $0.90 gold. 




No. 9, Price $o.go gold. 




No. 13, Price $0.20 gold. 




No. 10, Price $0.85 gold. 



No. 2, Price $2.65 gold. 



Glomsta Fabriks Bolag. 

(See page 33). 



W. HOFFSTEDT, 
CONSULTING ENGINEER, and AGENCY-OFFICE, 

No. 5 Oxtorgs-Gatan, 

STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. 

DRAWINGS 

Of Manufacturing Establishments, Iron-works, Motors, Working and other 
Machines, Furnaces, Stoves and Heaters of every description 

MADE OR PROCURED. 

PATENT-RIGHTS 

PROCURED AND SOLD IN ALL COUNTRIES. 

AGENCY 

For BUYING or SELLING Machines and Appliances for Ironworks, Work- 
shops, Manufactories, etc. 

TELE GRAPH-ADDRESS : 

W. HOFFSTEDT, Stockholm. 



SWEDISH CATALOGUE 




II 



EXHIBITS 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876, 



PHILADELPHIA. 



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